E

=// xtraterrestrial life //=

=
Therehave always been some discussions about if there is alife on other planets?Many scientists consider extraterrestrial life to be plausible, but no direct evidence has yet been found.But there are some evidences that suggests the existance of intelligent alien life.Skeptics and believers are constantly combating each other as to whether or not there is intelligent life in the universe. And here I will submit to you 5 amazing pieces of evidence that suggests that intelligent extraterrestrial life exists.======

George Bernard Shaw once famously quipped, “We learn from history that we learn nothing from history”. This quote is fitting to this piece of evidence that suggests the UFO phenomenon has been around as long as human civilization has existed and yet it is consistently dismissed. Today many UFO sightings are often explained away as being the US military testing some new technological weapon or plane, but this explanation cannot be used in a time when human flight was impossible.

Also the astronaouts have seen UFOs.Three days into the Apollo 11 flight the astronauts on board sent a strange message to mission control asking, “Do you have any idea where the S-4B is with respect to us?” The astronauts were asking where the final stage of the rocket was, which had been detached two days prior. The reason for this inquiry was because something was riding along side of the rocket and if it wasn’t part of the rocket, Apollo 11 had a visitor.he crew on board did not want to make a big deal out of the object for fear that it would cause a panic and mission control would order the astronauts to abandon the mission. “The three of us were not going to blurt out, ‘hey Houston we got something moving along side of us and we don’t know what it is’ we weren’t about to do that…someone might of demanded we turn back because of aliens or whatever it is,” said astronaut Buzz Aldrin when discussing the situation at a later date.

In 2003, astronomers with the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) used a massive telescope to examine sections of the sky where they had previously found unexplained radio signals. They found another radio signal that was even stronger than what they had previously found.The signal came from an area in space where there are no planets or stars and strangely was at a frequency that hydrogen absorbs, ensuring that the signal would be strong and could travel great distances. The signal was detected on three separate occasions.

The signal is moving rapidly in frequency and you would expect that to happen if you are looking at a transmitter on a planet that’s rotating very rapidly and where the civilization is not correcting the transmission for the motion of the planet,” Says USB researcher Eric Korpela. Considering the signal operates as if it is intelligently operated and the fact that it was detected multiple times one has to consider this SETI signal the best candidate for proof of intelligent life on other planets.So all these things can be a clue in the existance of life on other planets.

REFERENCES [] @http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/channel/extraterrestrial/ax/main_fs.html

SEDA SEZER 2/A 101010014

**EUTHANASIA**
There have been always some discussions about uncertain facts. One of them is Euthanasia. Euthanasia is a way of relieving ill people’s pain and save them from the tortures of their illness. There have been some meetings, conferences, discussions about whether euthanasia should be practiced or not. There are too many supporters and counters of euthanasia in the world. Therefore, some countries have made a law to give permission to euthanasia and numbers of these countries have been increasing rapidly. Before making a decision about whether euthanasia is right or not, we have to think about pros and cons of the euthanasia.

Euthanasia provides a way to relieve extreme pain. Someone who has extreme pain can choose the euthanasia. When euthanasia is asked to people, they say that they do not want to continue to their life in pain and tortures of illnesses because nearly all the people live for happiness and enjoy. When happiness is over, the person asks herself the meaning of the life. Some people who disagree with euthanasia say that it is not clear that somebody gets away from his/her pain when he/she chooses the euthanasia. But they overlook that the people who choose the euthanasia do not have anything to lose. They are in pain anyway and struggling with tortures of their illness. Thus, one can choose his/her future. One makes his/her chose; living with extreme pain, tortures of illness, bad psychology or giving a chance to relieve of pain and tortures of illness.



Euthanasia is one of the most complicated issues in the Medical field due to the clash of ethically point of views. Nowadays, the lives of many patients can be saved with the latest discoveries in treatments and technology. But we still are unable to find cure to all illnesses, and patients hae to go through extremely painful treatments only to have time. These patients struggle with physical and psychological pain. Due to highly costs treatments, few capability to have total control of their lives and the only option to live a short amount of time with painful treatments: People should have the right, with certain restrictions, to end their lives in the best way possible to stop suffering of an endless pain. Society should have compassion and respect to the patient's decision whose life becomes unbearable.



 Religious dimension of euthanasia is one of the contrast ideas for the euthanasia. Some people think that euthanasia is a sin. They say that ‘God gives the life and God takes it back’. But the same people say that God do not want anybody to suffer. These people say that euthanasia should not be applied because there can be a miracle and one can recover and if one chooses the euthanasia, it becomes a suicide. But when it is researched, we can see that there have been only a few miracle recovers but these people who disagree with euthanasia do not need to think more when a religious person say that euthanasia is a sin and should not be applied.

media type="youtube" key="5nKOT95fVVw" height="346" width="462"

 In conclusion; euthanasia, as a way of relieving pain and tortures of illness, has been discussed for years all around the world by the supporters and disagree people but there has not been made a shared decision yet because there are opposite opinions for the euthanasia. Despite the opposite opinions of some people who disagree with euthanasia, it should be a right for people. Anyone can limit the somebody’s decisions about himself or herself because a person is responsible for his or her decisions. It should not be forgotten that euthanasia is not a luxurious but sometimes it can be a must. Euthanasia should be practiced when it is a must but it must be practiced under the government control.

 REFERENCES:

 []  []

**2-C**
** UROPEAN UNION FOR TURKEY **

Sometimes the journey is more important than destination. We all have our goals, we want to achieve things and we work towards this end. Sometimes we achieve our goals sometimes we don’t. Here I would like to draw your attention to the fact that what we do to achieve our goals maybe more important than whether we achieve our goals or not. This I guess is the case in Turkey’s EU accession bid. Turkey has reformed its political system to harmonize its legislation with that of the EU, and Turkey is trying to be a more democratic country thanks to its EU bid. Therefore I think it will be good for Turkey to be a EU member but even if Turkey is not admitted, the EU membership process will help Turkey to move forward and ascend to the league of modern and democratic countries.

Now I want to talk about a recent development. Looking at the economic crisis that led many European Union members to the edge of bankruptcy, some have started to question the future of the European Union. European Union’s being an effective organization for dealing with the economic crisis and bringing prosperity to its citizens may be debated but it is too early to question its future.The European Union is the European’s most desirous project so it cannot be easily dissolved. Additionally, while the future of the EU is questioned, a skeptical view of the EU has almost become dominant in Turkey. Interestingly, conservative intellectuals, the main supporters of Turkey’s EU membership in the last decade, seem less interested in this issue today. The chorus against EU membership is getting bigger and louder every day, including the key members of the Turkish government like the Prime Minister. There are also traditionally anti-European groups like the Kemalists and nationalists. This chorus warns us that it is time to become anxious about the future of Turkish-European relations. Here some questions come to the mind. What decreased the pro-European groups’ support for Turkey’s EU membership? Has Turkey finished the process of democratization? Has Turkey solved all of its problems? Has Turkey reformed its military system? Has Turkey dealt with the Kurdish problems? Actually, no… The army is still somehow independent; its expenditures cannot be checked. The chief of general staff can visits arrested generals who were incarcerated for charges of involvement in anti-government plots to deliver a message of solidarity. Turkey is ranked 92nd on the International Human Development Index by the United Nations Development Program. We no longer have torture, but our human rights are deficient. Freedom of expression is not in good shape. Only a few years ago Professor Atilla Yayla got in serious trouble just because he called Mustafa Kemal Atatürk a ‘’man’’. Hrant Dink’s life turned into hell on the basis of a so-called insult to ‘’Turkishness’’. Police officers were caught red-handed physically harming a detained woman in a police station a few weeks ago. As you see, actually, Turkey is still in need of reforms. What’s more, it should be thought whether Turkey can do without the EU. It has been proven several times that domestic changes do not result in serious reforms without the EU effect. The recent match-fixing issue is a good demonstration of the importance of the EU because it shows how domestic actors may easily give up their former promises of improved transparency if there is no foreign force supporting the issue. Finally, in trying to catch up with the EU, Turkey sped up its reforms since the late 1990s, strengthening its democracy, the rule of law and respect for human rights. But as of today, the EU has lost its role to push Turkey for democratic reforms. I hope Turkey will not be an abandoned or failed case of Europeanization as a result of ignorance or false confidence. Membership in the EU will be the greatest guarantee for democratization of Turkey.

References: [] __[]__ []



HALİL İBRAHİM EROL 2/A 101010027

EFFECTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT




 *  Have you ever wondered the effects of unemployment? **

 According to the recent research of TISK, unemployment rate in turkey was last reported is at 11.4 percent in November of 2011. The unemployment is an important problem increasing day by day due to mechanization, increasing population and economic situation in the country. That matter causes such serious problems as financial, psychological and social.

 Results of Unemployment


 * Financial Problems

 The first result of unemployment is financial problems. When people lose their jobs, their economical situations get worse and worse. Furthermore, families’ economic status affects the situations of the country negatively. The unemployed people cannot afford to cover their expenditures about education, home and social needs. Thus, those people heavily rely on the government’s support. The government has trouble in meeting their needs; therefore, this situation leads to an economic crisis in the country.


 * Psychological Problems

 The second result of unemployment is psychological problems. Unemployed people lose their self-esteem and dignity; and they feel stressful. Because of unemployment, their behaviors change negatively. This situation can cause them even to commit suicide. For instance, according to the news, a businessman went bankrupt. Thus, he got away from the people around him, and then he committed suicide by hanging himself in his bedroom"


 * <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Segoe UI',sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Social Problems

<span style="color: #2a2a2a; font-family: 'Segoe UI',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> The last and most important result of unemployment is social problems. Unemployment is initial point of breaking rules and regulations. Crime rates and vandalism rise because of high levels of unemployment. Unemployed people usually face with the difficulties of meeting their needs.Consequently, they may show criminal actions like burglary for money. Furthermore, unemployment affects marital affairs. People can't solve their financial problems, and they divorce. The children of divorced families are influenced negatively in terms of education and psychology.

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> REFERENCES
 * E|wiki.answers.com
 * E|http://cathy-herold.suite101.com/effects-of-unemployment-a343530
 * E|http://www.articlesbase.com/economics-articles/effects-of-unemployment-2899907.html


 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> ABDULKADİR KIYMAZ **

<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;"> **101010010 2-A**



<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;"> **pilepsy** is all involving episodic abnormal electrical activity in the brain and numerous seizures. It <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> is chronic neurological disorders caused by epileptic seizures. These seizures <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;"> result from abnormal, excessive or hypersynchronous neuronal activity in the brain. 50 million people in the world have epilepsy, generally in developing countries. There is no cure for epilepsy but it can be controlled with medication.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;"> There are symptoms and signs of the epilepsy. Epileptic seizures may present in a number of different ways. The most common causes included infections, trauma, some abnormalities, metabolic disorders.Also emotional stress, sleep deprivation, sleep itself, heat stress, alcohol and febrile illness are examples of precipitants cited by patients with epilepsy. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Psychological conditions of the patients with epilepsy must be also searched. Because this may predispose the individual to a seizure occurence. If <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">there is scar tissue or another abnormal mass of tissue in an area of the brain, this causes epilepsy. Physical, emotional, and social functioning of youth are interfered specifically if seizures are uncontrolled.



<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;"> There are a lot of types of seizures and epilepsy syndromes. Each type of epilepsy has its own seizure type, typical age, treatment,prognosis. Epilepsy syndromes are classified by location, distribution and appearences of seizures. there three types of epilepsy ; idiopathic, symptomatic and cryptogenic. I <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">diopathic epilepsies are thought to arise from genetic abnormalities that lead to alteration of basic neuronal regulation. Symptomatic epilepsies arise from the effects of an epileptic lesion, whether that lesion is focal, such as a tumor, or a defect in metabolism causing widespread injury to the brain. Cryptogenic epilepsies involve a presumptive lesion that is otherwise difficult or impossible to uncover during evaluation.



<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;"> Epilepsy is usually treated with medication prescribed by a physician ; primary caregivers, neurologists and neurosurgeons. A special diet can be helpful. Or an operation can be curative. Also it reduces the frequency or severity of seizures. Anticonvulsant medication is the mainstay of treatment of epilepsy. It is lifelong and can have important affects on quality of life. There are 20 medication for epilepsy ; carbamazepine, gabapentin, topiramate, lamotrigine..

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;"> Epilepsy surgery is an option for people with focal seizures remaining resistant to treatment. But before the surgeon, doctors must determine if resective surgery will affect normal brain function. Because there are different types of epilepsy, of course there are different operations for each of them. For example, electrical stimulation, vagus nerve stimulation, resective surgery, deep brain stimulation,noninvasive surgery, avoidance theraphy,alternative or complementary medicine. These are some of them used for epilepsy. Currently a lot of researches have been still maden for more treatments.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;"> There are some information about 'Resective Sugery'. If you want to watch it, [|Click Here.]



__ **References** __ [][][]

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 130%;">HURDE ZEYNEP YAĞCI ** **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">101010106 ****<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">2-D **