space.template.Beat+Generation

**//[[image:http://www.bankruptcylawchicagoblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/B-Letter-B2.jpg width="27" height="27"]]ALKAN TURKS AND IMMIGRATION//**
====**// It is a fact that Turks could not live without having an independent state in the world and it is already proved with so many examples. If the issue is defending their homeland, the whole world have learnt that each of Turkish person becomes fearless and hero. As we all know there is a proverb that says ‘’If three Turks get together at anywhere and anytime there is no doubt they establish a state.’’ Believe me this is real but today I am going to talk about the Turks who have been living as a stranger on their own homeland and I am going to talk about the Turks who have been suffering from being Turkish minority. So many minorities have same troubles all around the world but this is a forced emigration which was implemented by using violence and which was done by Bulgarians to Turks who lived in Bulgaria. //**====

====**//The first immigration of Turks to Balkans began in the eleventh century. These Turks tribes were Huns, Kumans and Peçenek Turks. However, these tribes have lost their Turkish features in time. On the other hand, as we all know, some of these Turkish tribes helped to some Turkish states in the wars. For example, although Peçenek Turks were in the Byzantine Empire army in the battle of Manzikert in 1071, during the war they changed the side and joined into the Seljuk Empire army and they played an important role in winning the war. But the biggest and largest scale immigration to Balkans was occurred during the Ottoman Empire time. Actually because of housing policy of the Ottoman Empire so many Turcoman tribes emigrated from Anatolia to Rumelia. The fact is that, some of them were forced to immigrate by Ottoman Empire and some of them immigrated with their request to go. //**====

====**// The Ottoman Empire ruled over 400 years on the Balkans and the population of Turks was also increased. Each of nation were living in peace and all of them were respectful to each of them religion or beliefs. Whole citizen's rights and properties had been taken under guarantee without any distinction by the Ottoman Empire. However, the Ottoman Empire began losing power and soon began losing ground too. After the Balkan Wars, the Ottoman Empire had lost the wars and a treaty was signed that meant losing Rumelia. Even at that time immigration to Anatolia had begun but most of Turks had stayed at their homeland but not as a native, this time as a stranger after 400 years. There were always troubles between Turkey and the Balkan states because of Turkish minority in the Balkans but what is more important is the Turks who remained in Bulgaria. //**====

====**// Bulgarian Turks live mostly in compact communities in the south of the country in the Arda river basin and in the north-east in the Dobrudzha region. They also live in scattered communities in the central and eastern Stara Planina (the Balkan Mountains) and in the Rhodope mountains. Even all the troubles they have, nevertheless they were living on their own homeland but at 1945 there was a revolution in Bulgaria and management style communism was accepted. After that event, Bulgarian Turks thought that they would have more comfortable and free life but on the contrary, that was the footsteps of the bad days for Turks who live in Bulgaria.At various times since the end of World War II Bulgaria and Turkey have reached agreement over the emigration of Turks from Bulgaria to Turkey. The largest number of such emigrants left Bulgaria in the period 1949-1951. In August 1950 the Bulgarian Government announced that a total of 250,000 Turks had applied to leave. The Turkish Government, on the other hand, said it was unable to receive such a huge mass of people within such a short time and in November 1950 closed its border with Bulgaria because of “illegal crossing of borders”. //**====

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====**//Following the expiry of this agreement all emigration except for a few individual cases was stopped and during the assimilation campaign of 1984-85, the authorities denied the existence of ethnic Turks in Bulgaria claiming that the Turks were in fact descendants of Slav Bulgarians forcibly islamicized under the period of Ottoman rule, and as such there was no need for any further emigration agreements. However, as the whole world knows it wasn’t true, it was a scenario. After this period, the Bulgarian Government which was under the leadership of Todor Jivkov decided to apply this scenario on the life and they began making pressure on the Pomaks and Gypsies first. When they see no one cares about the situation they decided to put the real scenario which aims at Turks into operation. //**====

====**// Firstly, they have tried to change the name of Turks like same they have done to Pomaks and Gypsies. Moreover, they have done army raids on Turkish villages and they closed all mosques. Besides, speaking Turkish was also forbidden and they even took money from Turks who spoke Turkish. It was a kind of genocide which was inhuman behaviour.At last Turks could not stand this happen anymore and protests began to be made by Turks. In response to that they began using weapons and violence unfortunately lots of people died just because of being Turkish. The government of Bulgaria claimed that there was not any of Turks in Bulgaria, there were just Muslims which islamicized by Ottoman Empire and therefore they needed to be turned into their own assets. However, as everyone knows it is wrong; Bulgarians come from a Turkish tribe. Eventually, Turkey could not stay without doing anything, and the President of Turkey Turgut Özal, declared that ‘’All my cognates, I tell you, all of you can come your homeland our doors are always open for all of you ‘’. //**====

====**// After it was heard, everyone left their home, their animals and their soil without thinking any minute and they began immigrating. Because going to Turkey was a big dream for all Turks who live in abroad. Just in 2 or 3 weeks 250.000 and 300.000 Turks immigrated to Turkey from Bulgaria but two or three weeks later Bulgaria decided to close the borders and lots of Turks remained in Bulgaria. There are still lots of Turks living in Bulgaria including my most of family and despite democracy in Bulgaria now there are some doubts in all Turks minds such as ‘’what will we do if it happens again?’’Therefore living as a minority in a country is very hard and no one can understand that without experiencing.Now the best thing we can do is that we should not forget them because they are our people and they are us. As a one of immigrant Turks who come from Bulgaria, I have already known and experienced what does mean being at your own homeland as a stranger. //**====

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**//There is a movie named Stolen Eyes which demonstrates the cruelty of Bulgarian Government in 1989, and you can watch its some of important parts in the video.//**
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**//[], //**
[|Wikipedia]

**BEETHOVEN**
In the last two centuries the people have pretty psychological problems which harm their whole lives. It is really difficult to deal with that situation. But it is said that there is a natural solution for this terrible depression. That natural solution is ‘classical music’. Now i will try to give some specific information about Beethoven who is called as the father of classical music.



Ludwig van Beethoven was born in Germany in 1770, but his origin is Dutch. He is the son of parents who have eight disabled children. If we think that the musical success and fame of Beethoven, we could think he had a happy and lucky life. But when we look at his life and opportunities which he had, it is absolutely seen that he was so strong and genius in music in spite of all bad situations. His father was an alcoholic musician who is the first music teacher of Beethoven. While Beethoven was learning the piano from his father, father of Beethoven was so cruel and hard to his son. Furthermore in his childhood years he had to work for his poor family. He started to play piano when he was a child to help his family’s income.



In his music career ,it is known that he was so choosy and hard-working. Music was his all life. He was known as a pianist previously but then, he made a name as a composer and all over the world would know him even after centuries. I want to add an information at this point which made me surprised. Before composing, he put his head in a bucket which was full of cold water. In his thirty ages, there were some symptoms about his deafness. Unfortunately, while music and sounds are so important for his life , he lost his hearing ability. But deafness did not affect his music career. He went on living with music. As all we see, it is necessary to dealing with all bad situation. Weakness is not for us.

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 * // REFERENCES : //**

//SEMA KARAKOC//
//101010077// //2/C//

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===ermuda (or "Devil's") Triangle === ===The Bermuda Triangle (a.k.a. the Devil's Triangle) is a triangular area in the Atlantic Ocean bounded roughly at its points by Miami, Bermuda, and Puerto Rico. Legend has it that many people, ships and planes have mysteriously vanished in this area. How many have mysteriously disappeared depends on who is doing the locating and the counting. The size of the triangle varies from 500,000 square miles to three times that size, depending on the imagination of the author. (Some include the Azores, the Gulf of Mexico, and the West Indies in the "triangle.") Some trace the mystery back to the time of Columbus. Even so, estimates range from about 200 to no more than 1,000 incidents in the past 500 years. Howard Rosenberg claims that in 1973 the U.S. Coast Guard answered more than 8,000 distress calls in the area and that more than 50 ships and 20 planes have gone down in the Bermuda Triangle within the last century. === ===Since the days of early civilization many thousands of ships have sunk and/or disappeared in waters around the world due to navigational and other human errors, storms, piracy, fires, and structural/mechanical failures. Aircraft are subject to the same problems, and many of them have crashed at sea around the globe. Often, there were no living witnesses to the sinking or crash, and hence the exact cause of the loss and the location of the lost ship or aircraft are unknown. A large number of pleasure boats travel the waters between Florida and the Bahamas. All too often, crossings are attempted with too small a boat, insufficient knowledge of the area's hazards, and a lack of good seamanship. === ===<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #800080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">To see how common accidents are at sea, you can examine some of the recent accident reports of the National Transportation Safety Board for ships and aircraft. One of the aircraft accident reports concerns an in-flight engine failure and subsequent ditching of a Cessna aircraft near Great Abaco Island in the Bahamas on 13 July 2003. This is the type of accident that would likely have been attributed to mysterious causes in the Bermuda Triangle if there had been no survivors or other eyewitnesses of the crash. ===

__<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Supernatural explanations __
===<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #800400; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Triangle writers have used a number of supernatural concepts to explain the events. One explanation pins the blame on leftover technology from the mythical lost continent of Atlantis. Sometimes connected to the Atlantis story is the submerged rock formation known as the Bimini Road off the island of Bimini in the Bahamas, which is in the Triangle by some definitions. Followers of the purported psychic Edgar Caycetake his prediction that evidence of Atlantis would be found in 1968 as referring to the discovery of the Bimini Road. Believers describe the formation as a road, wall, or other structure, though geologists consider it to be of natural origin. === ===<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #800400; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Other writers attribute the events to UFOs.This idea was used by Steven Spielberg for his science fiction film //Close Encounters of the Third Kind//, which features the lost Flight 19 aircrews as alien abductees. === ===<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #800400; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Charles Berlitz, author of various books on anomalous phenomena, lists several theories attributing the losses in the Triangle to anomalous or unexplained forces. ===

__<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Gulf Stream __
===<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #800080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">The Gulf Stream is a deep ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and then flows through theStraits of Florida into the North Atlantic. In essence, it is a river within an ocean, and, like a river, it can and does carry floating objects. It has a surface velocity of up to about 2.5 metres per second (5.6 mi/h).A small plane making a water landing or a boat having engine trouble can be carried away from its reported position by the current. ===

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #800080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Human error
===<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #800080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">One of the most cited explanations in official inquiries as to the loss of any aircraft or vessel is human error. Human stubbornness may have caused businessman Harvey Conover to lose his sailing yacht, the //Revonoc//, as he sailed into the teeth of a storm south of Florida on January 1, 1958. ===

__<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Violent weather __
===<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff5700; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Hurricanes are powerful storms, which form in tropical waters and have historically cost thousands of lives lost and caused billions of dollars in damage. The sinking of Francisco de Bobadilla's Spanish fleet in 1502 was the first recorded instance of a destructive hurricane. These storms have in the past caused a number of incidents related to the Triangle. === ===<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff5700; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">A powerful downdraft of cold air was suspected to be a cause in the sinking of the //Pride of Baltimore// on May 14, 1986. The crew of the sunken vessel noted the wind suddenly shifted and increased velocity from 20 mph to 60 - 90 mph. A National Hurricane Center satellite specialist, James Lushine, stated "during very unstable weather conditions the downburst of cold air from aloft can hit the surface like a bomb, exploding outward like a giant squall line of wind and water."A similar event occurred to the //Concordia// in 2010 off the coast of Brazil. ===

===<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #f94343; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">An explanation for some of the disappearances has focused on the presence of large fields ofmethane hydrates (a form of natural gas) on the continental shelves.Laboratory experiments carried out in Australia have proven that bubbles can, indeed, sink a scale model ship by decreasing the density of the water;any wreckage consequently rising to the surface would be rapidly dispersed by the Gulf Stream. It has been hypothesized that periodic methane eruptions(sometimes called "mud volcanoes") may produce regions of frothy water that are no longer capable of providing adequate buoyancy for ships. If this were the case, such an area forming around a ship could cause it to sink very rapidly and without warning. === ===<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #f94343; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Publications by the USGS describe large stores of undersea hydrates worldwide, including theBlake Ridge area, off the southeastern United States coast. However, according to another of their papers, no large releases of gas hydrates are believed to have occurred in the Bermuda Triangle for the past 15,000 years. ===

__<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Rogue waves __
===<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">In various oceans around the world, rogue waves have caused ships to sink and oil platforms to topple.These waves, until 1995, were considered to be a mystery and/or a myth. ===

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References; //[]// //[]// //[]// //[]//

=**Ayşe Nur ONAT**= =**2/B 101010045**=

= <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 160%;">Beat Generation =

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 15.6px;">The **Beat Generation**, also known as the beat movement, were a group of American writers who emerged in the 1950s. Among its most influential members were Gary Snyder, the radical poet Allen Ginsberg, William Burroughs and Jack Kerouac. The major Beat writings include Jack Kerouac's [|On the Road], Allen Ginsberg's Howl, and William Burroughs' [|Naked Lunch].

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 15.6px;">What started off as a literary phenomenon soon progressed to a life-changing attitude for thousands of people around the world. It embraced originality and individuality in the way people thought and acted. The members of the Beat Generation developed a reputation as new bohemian hedonists, who celebrated non-conformity and spontaneous creativity. The beat generation threw out the old rules of literature, music, sex and religion. Central elements of "Beat" culture included experimentation with drugs, alternative forms of sexuality, an interest in <span class="mw-redirect" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 15.6px;">Eastern religion <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 15.6px;">, a rejection of materialism, and the idealizing of exuberant, unexpurgated means of expression and being.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 15.6px;">The core group consisted of Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, Neal Cassady and William S. Burroughs, who met in the neighborhood surrounding Columbia University in uptown Manhattan in the mid-40's. They picked up Gregory Corso in Greenwich Village and found Herbert Huncke hanging around Times Square. They then migrated to San Francisco where they expanded their group consciousness by meeting Gary Snyder, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Michael McClure, Philip Whalen and Lew Welch.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 15.6px;">Bob Dylan, The Beatles were heavily influenced by the Beat Generation. Members like Allen Ginsberg were influential in the anti-war movement. Others who were influenced include: Jefferson Airplane, Joan Baez, Country Joe and the Fish, Crosby Stills Nash and Young. The Beat Generation were followed by the hippies, anti-war movement, which led to the environmental movement, deep ecology and Earth First!



**Origin of name**
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 15.6px;">The term "Beat" was reportedly coined by Jack Kerouac in the late 1940's, but became more common at about the time that writers like himself, Allen Ginsberg and Lawrence Ferlinghetti were beginning to get noticed. It was quickly becoming a slang term in America after World War II, meaning "exhausted" or "beat down" and provided this generation with a definitive label for their personal and social positions and perspectives.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 17.1667px;"> **Drug use**
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 15.6px;">The original members of beat generation used a number of different drugs, including alcohol, marijuana, morphine and LSD for experimental purposes. Claims that some of these drugs can enhance creativity, insight or productivity were quite common.

==**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 20.2833px;">[|Must-watch movies about beat generation] **==

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 19.5px;">**Major Writers of the Beat Generation** > ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 15.6px;">Ginsberg, Allen (1926-1997) > > == ==
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 15.6px;">Kerouac, Jack (1922-1969)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 15.6px;">Burroughs, William S. (1914-1997)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 15.6px;">Corso, Gregory (1930-2001)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 15.6px;">Ferlinghetti, Lawrence (1919-)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 15.6px;">Cassady, Neal (1926-1968)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 15.6px;">Solomon, Carl (1928-1993)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 15.6px;">Holmes, John Clellon (1926-1988)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 15.6px;">Johnson, Joyce (1935-)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 15.6px;">Kesey, Ken (1935-2001)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 15.6px;">Brautigan, Richard (1935-1984)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 15.6px;">Snyder, Gary (1930-)

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 20.2833px;">REFERENCES **
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 19.5px;">[|http://www.online-literature.com] [|http://en.wikipedia.org]

Harun GÜL 101010036 2-B <span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: 0px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: -25px; width: 1px;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f5f5f5; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Bermuda (or "Devil's") Triangle The Bermuda Triangle (a.k.a. the Devil's Triangle) is a triangular area in the Atlantic Ocean bounded roughly at its points by Miami, Bermuda, and Puerto Rico. Legend has it that many people, ships and planes have mysteriously vanished in this area. How many have mysteriously disappeared depends on who is doing the locating and the counting. The size of the triangle varies from 500,000 square miles to three times that size, depending on the imagination of the author. (Some include the Azores, the Gulf of Mexico, and the West Indies in the "triangle.") Some trace the mystery back to the time of Columbus. Even so, estimates range from about 200 to no more than 1,000 incidents in the past 500 years. [|Howard Rosenberg] claims that in 1973 the U.S. Coast Guard answered more than 8,000 distress calls in the area and that more than 50 ships and 20 planes have gone down in the Bermuda Triangle within the last century. Since the days of early civilization many thousands of ships have sunk and/or disappeared in waters around the world due to navigational and other human errors, storms, piracy, fires, and structural/mechanical failures. Aircraft are subject to the same problems, and many of them have crashed at sea around the globe. Often, there were no living witnesses to the sinking or crash, and hence the exact cause of the loss and the location of the lost ship or aircraft are unknown. A large number of pleasure boats travel the waters between Florida and the Bahamas. All too often, crossings are attempted with too small a boat, insufficient knowledge of the area's hazards, and a lack of good seamanship. To see how common accidents are at sea, you can examine some of the recent accident reports of the National Transportation Safety Board for [|ships] and [|aircraft]. One of the aircraft accident reports concerns an in-flight engine failure and subsequent ditching of a Cessna aircraft near Great Abaco Island in the Bahamas on 13 July 2003. This is the type of accident that would likely have been attributed to mysterious causes in the Bermuda Triangle if there had been no survivors or other eyewitnesses of the crash.

==<span style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #aaaaaa .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"> Supernatural explanations   ==

Triangle writers have used a number of supernatural concepts to explain the events. One explanation pins the blame on leftover technology from the mythical lost continent of <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[|Atlantis]. Sometimes connected to the Atlantis story is the submerged rock formation known as the <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[|Bimini Road] off the island of <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[|Bimini] in the Bahamas, which is in the Triangle by some definitions. Followers of the purported psychic <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[|Edgar Cayce] take his prediction that evidence of Atlantis would be found in 1968 as referring to the discovery of the Bimini Road. Believers describe the formation as a road, wall, or other structure, though geologists consider it to be of natural origin. Other writers attribute the events to <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[|UFOs] .This idea was used by <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[|Steven Spielberg] for his <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[|science fiction film] //<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[|Close Encounters of the Third Kind] //, which features the lost Flight 19 aircrews as <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[|alien abductees]. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[|Charles Berlitz], author of various books on anomalous phenomena, lists several theories attributing the losses in the Triangle to anomalous or unexplained forces.

==<span style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #aaaaaa .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"> Natural explanations   ==

===<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-width: initial; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;">Compass variations  === <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[|Compass] problems are one of the cited phrases in many Triangle incidents. While some have theorized that unusual local magnetic anomalies may exist in the area,such anomalies have not been found. Compasses have natural <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[|magnetic variations] in relation to the<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[|magnetic poles], a fact which navigators have known for centuries. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[|Magnetic (compass) north] and <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[|geographic (true) north] are only exactly the same for a small number of places – for example, as of 2000 in the United States only those places on a line running from <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[|Wisconsin] to the<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[|Gulf of Mexico] .But the public may not be as informed, and think there is something mysterious about a compass "changing" across an area as large as the Triangle, which it naturally will.

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; display: block; line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"> ===<span style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;">Gulf Stream  === <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;">The <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[|Gulf Stream] is a deep ocean current that originates in the <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[|Gulf of Mexico] and then flows through the<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[|Straits of Florida] into the North Atlantic. In essence, it is a river within an ocean, and, like a river, it can and does carry floating objects. It has a surface velocity of up to about 2.5 metres per second (5.6 mi/h).A small plane making a <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[|water landing] or a boat having engine trouble can be carried away from its reported position by the current. ===<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-width: initial; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;">Human error  === <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;">One of the most cited explanations in official inquiries as to the loss of any aircraft or vessel is human error. Human stubbornness may have caused businessman Harvey Conover to lose his sailing yacht, the //Revonoc//, as he sailed into the teeth of a storm south of Florida on January 1, 1958. ===<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-width: initial; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;">Violent weather  === <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[|Hurricanes] are powerful storms, which form in tropical waters and have historically cost thousands of lives lost and caused billions of dollars in damage. The sinking of <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[|Francisco de Bobadilla] 's Spanish fleet in 1502 was the first recorded instance of a destructive hurricane. These storms have in the past caused a number of incidents related to the Triangle. A powerful <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[|downdraft of cold air] was suspected to be a cause in the sinking of the //<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[|Pride of Baltimore] // on May 14, 1986. The crew of the sunken vessel noted the wind suddenly shifted and increased velocity from 20 mph to 60 - 90 mph. A National Hurricane Center satellite specialist, James Lushine, stated "during very unstable weather conditions the downburst of cold air from aloft can hit the surface like a bomb, exploding outward like a giant squall line of wind and water."<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[|[28]] A similar event occurred to the <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[|//Concordia//] in 2010 off the coast of Brazil. ===<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-width: initial; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;">Methane hydrates  === //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">Main article: <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[|Methane clathrate] // <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; display: block; text-align: center;"> <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">An explanation for some of the disappearances has focused on the presence of large fields of<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[|methane] hydrates (a form of natural gas) on the <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[|continental shelves] .Laboratory experiments carried out in Australia have proven that bubbles can, indeed, sink a scale model ship by decreasing the density of the water;any wreckage consequently rising to the surface would be rapidly dispersed by the <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[|Gulf Stream]. It has been hypothesized that periodic methane <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[|eruptions] (sometimes called "<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[|mud volcanoes] ") may produce regions of frothy water that are no longer capable of providing adequate <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[|buoyancy] for ships. If this were the case, such an area forming around a ship could cause it to sink very rapidly and without warning. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;">Publications by the <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[|USGS] describe large stores of undersea hydrates worldwide, including the<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[|Blake Ridge] area, off the southeastern <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[|United States] coast. However, according to another of their papers, no large releases of gas hydrates are believed to have occurred in the Bermuda Triangle for the past 15,000 years. ===<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-width: initial; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;">Rogue waves  === <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;">In various oceans around the world, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[|rogue waves] have caused ships to sink and oil platforms to topple.These waves, until 1995, were considered to be a mystery and/or a myth.