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learning about online stores **[|eCommerce Mastery]** azz did not become common place until around 1920, once it had been well established as a musical genre. Yet, jazz has played an important role in America over the past century. The roots of this art form however, are less certain than its impact. Although the exact dates of its formation are debated, the major subject of contention amongst historians is the place of its founding. Many maintain that jazz was a natural evolution from two popular music forms of the time, ragtime and the blues. This process occurred across the nation as musicians experimented with combining the two. Others claim that jazz did not begin simultaneously across the country, but rather it started in New Orleans and was exported from there. An examination of the forces present in New Orleans at the start of the nineteenth century supports this second conclusion. A myriad of factors, including a culture of celebration, a diverse racial composition, and a rich musical tradition, united in New Orleans in a way unmatched by any other city. These were the necessary conditions for the creation of jazz, and are responsible for its birth in New Orleans.



**Basically, New Orleans jazz was born when black and Creole musicians added ragtime and blues styles to the already potent mix of music they played--and improvised on it all. While the rhythm section carried a song forward, a cornet player would cut loose, displaying his ingenuity and skill. Other players would then cut loose, too. Soon, such improvisation became the essence of jazz. **
 * Existing early recordings do provide some hints to its origin though. There are some recordings of music in Chicago in the late teens that are in the ragtime tradition. Soon after though, there was an influx of musicians coming from New Orleans, including Jelly Roll Morton, King Oliver, Louis Armstrong, and Sidney Bechet. After their arrival, the style of music recorded changed dramatically, featuring styles previously absent. This has led jazz historian Lewis Porter to state that although something similar to jazz may have developed in other regions, the music we know as jazz is a unique creation of New Orleans.[|**[2**]] Jazz could only have begun in New Orleans due to the combination of factors not present in any other city in the early 1900’s. **

**//Jazz An American Art Form //** **A Creole pianist named Jelly Roll Morton was the first man to write down original jazz tunes, and he claimed to have "invented" jazz. But tradition says that the cornet player and sometimes barber Buddy Bolden was the first man to lead a real jazz band. **

**Buddy Bolden was committed to an insane asylum in 1907 and stayed there until he died in 1931. By then, successors like King Oliver and Louis Armstrong had taken jazz to new heights of popularity--and to new cities like Chicago and New York. Many now consider the music born in New Orleans America's most important art form. **

**As a musical language of communication, jazz is the first indigenous American style to affect music in the rest of the World. **** From the beat of ragtime syncopation and driving brass bands to soaring gospel choirs mixed with field hollers and the deep down growl of the blues, jazz's many roots are celebrated almost everywhere in the United States. Jazz is Art ~ Art is Jazz. ** **//--Jeffery Vail //**

**// Slaves and Minstrels //** ** Starting in 1817, New Orleans's black slaves were allowed to dance and sing in Congo Square, near the French Quarter, on Sunday afternoons. Hundreds would gather for the celebrations. Some sang work songs or spirituals. Others danced to Caribbean beats. Still others performed African dances passed down through generations. ** ** As the century wore on, New Orleans's music was also influenced by minstrelsy, a musical form featuring purported "plantation songs" written by both black and white musicians. Usually performed by white musicians in blackface, minstrelsy dominated the pop charts for decades. Despite racist overtones, minstrelsy also produced some of the first successful African-American composers. **


 * Louis Armstrong was born August 4, 1901, in New Orleans, Louisiana. In 1922, Chicago bandleader King Oliver hired Armstrong to play second cornet. Armstrong quit Oliver's band a few years later and played with others on many recordings before returning to Chicago and playing in large orchestras. There he created his most important early works, emerging as the first great jazz soloist. **

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 * REFERENCES: **

[|**http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar?hl=tr&lr=&q=related:__LRktAKbgUJ:scholar.google.com/&um=1&ie=UTF-8&ei=1LdxT5vwMob88QP3iMAm&sa=X&oi=science_links&ct=sl-related&resnum=3&sqi=2&ved=0CD8QzwIwAg**]
 * The article related to the birth of jazz; **

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 * http://www.artknowledgenews.com/New_Orleans_Jazz.html **

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====<span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">**ohnny DEPP**, Born John Christopher Depp in Owensboro, Kentucky, on June 9, 1963, Johnny Depp was raised in Florida. He dropped out of school at age 15 in the hopes of becoming a rock musician. He fronted a series of garage bands including The Kids, which once opened for Iggy Pop. ====

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Depp rose to prominence on the 1980s television series, 21 Jump Street, becoming a teen idol. Dissatisfied with this status, he turned to film for more challenging roles; he played the title character of // [|Edward Scissorhands] (1990)// and later found box office success in films such as //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; text-decoration: none;">[|Sleepy Hollow] //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> (1999), //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; text-decoration: none;">[|Charlie and the Chocolate Factory] ////<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> ( //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">2005), //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; text-decoration: none;">[|Rango] //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(2011) and the [|//Pirates of the Caribbean//]<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; text-decoration: none;">[| film series] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> (2003–present). He has collaborated with director and friend <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; text-decoration: none;">[|Tim Burton] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> in seven films, most recently with //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; text-decoration: none;">[|Dark Shadows] //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(2012).

==== <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">He has been nominated for top awards many times, winning the Best Actor Awards from the [|Golden Globes] for [|//Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street//]<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> and from the [|Screen Actors Guild] for [|//Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl//]<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">. He also has garnered a sex symbol status in American cinema, being twice named as the [|Sexiest man alive] by [|//People//]<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> magazine [|[3]]<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> in 2003 and 2009. He has been listed in the 2012 [|//Guinness Book of World Records//]<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> as the highest paid actor, with $75 million. ====

Partners and Family
==== Depp was married to Lori Anne Allison from 1983 to 1985. He became involved with Sherilyn Fenn in 1985; this relationship also lasted 3 years. Depp met Winona Ryder at the //Great Balls of Fire!// premier in July 1989, and became engaged to her for three years beginning in July 1990. The relationship was highly publicized and received much scrutiny by the media and tabloid press. ==== ==== Since 1998, following a four year relationship with British supermodel Kate Moss, Depp has been in a relationship with Vanessa Paradis, a French actress and singer whom he met while filming [|The Ninth Gate]. ====

==== In 2007, his daughter recovered from a serious illness, an [|E. coli] infection that began to cause her kidneys to shut down and resulted in an extended hospital stay. To thank [|Great Ormond Street Hospital], Depp visitedthe hospital in November 2007 dressed in his Captain [|Jack Sparrow] outfit and spent 4 hours reading stories to the children. In 2008 he donated about $2 million to the hospital. ====

Here the trailer of 'Dark Shadows'

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Çağla ÇELİK 2/D 101010099

[[image:marmaraelt2/letter_j.gif width="197" height="197"]] OSE MOURINHO



 * José Mário dos Santos Mourinho Félix** born 26 January 1963) is a Portuguese football manager, currently the head coach of Real Madrid. He is commonly known as **"The Special One"**. Mourinho is regarded by some players, coaches, and critics as one of the best football coaches of all time Mourinho started out as a player and eventually switched to management. After spells working as an assistant manager and a youth team coach in the early 1990s, he became an interpreter for Sir Bobby Robson. He worked with Robson at Sporting Clube de Portugal and Porto in Portugal, and Spanish club Barcelona. He remained at the Catalonian club after Robson's departure and worked with his successor Louis van Gaal.

He began focusing on coaching and impressed with brief but successful managerial periods at Benfica and União de Leiria. He returned to Porto in 2002 as head coach, winning the Primeira Liga, Taça de Portugal, and UEFA Cup in 2003. In 2004 Mourinho guided the team to the top of the league for a second time and won the highest honour in European club football, the UEFA Champions League. Mourinho moved to Chelsea the following year and won two consecutive Premier League titles in 2005 and 2006. He often courted controversy for his outspokenness, but his victories at Chelsea and Porto established him as one of the world's top football managers.

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In 2008 he moved to Italy's Serie A, signing a three-year contract with Internazionale. Within three months he had won his first Italian honour, the Supercoppa Italiana, and completed the season by winning the Serie A league title. Mourinho followed the next season by winning the first treble in Italian history, the Serie A league title, Coppa Italia, and the UEFA Champions League, thus becoming the third manager in football history to win two UEFA Champions League with two different teams, after Ernst Happel and Ottmar Hitzfeld. He won the first ever FIFA Ballon d'Or Best Coach Award in 2010. On 28 May 2010, he become the head coach at Real Madrid, signing a four-year contract. His first honour with the team was winning the 2011 Copa del Rey Final, the first time Madrid had won the competition since 1993.

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