W

= ATERMELON =

//The watermelon is a tender, warm-season vegetable. Watermelons can be grown in all parts of the country, but the warmer temperatures and longer growing season of southern areas especially favour this vegetable. Gardeners in northern areas should choose early varieties and use transplants. Mulching with black plastic film also promotes earliness by warming the soil beneath the plastic. Floating row covers moderate temperatures around the young plants, providing some frost protection in unseasonable cold spells. //

//Seedless watermelons are self-sterile hybrids that develop normal-looking fruits but no fully developed seeds. The seeds for growing them are produced by crossing a normal diploid watermelon with one that has been changed genetically into the tetrapodic state. The seeds from this cross produce plants that, when pollinated by normal plants, produce seedless melons. In seedless watermelons (genetic triploids), rudimentary seed structures form but remain small, soft, white, tasteless and undeveloped tiny seedcoats that are eaten virtually undetected along with the flesh of the melon. Seed production for these seedless types is an extremely labour intensive process that makes the seeds relatively expensive. Because germination of these types is often less vigorous than normal types, it is recommended that they be started in peat pots or other transplantable containers, where the germinating conditions can be closely controlled Once transplanted, cultivation is similar to that for regular watermelons. //



//For pollination necessary to set fruit, normal seed types must be interplant with seedless melons. The pollinator should be distinct from the seedless cultivar in colour, shape or type so that the seedless and seeded melons in the patch can be separated at harvest. Because seedless types do not put energy into seed production, the flesh is often sweeter than normal types and the vines are noticeably more vigorous as the season progresses. //



**//When to Plant //** //Plant after the soil is warm and when all danger of frost is past. Watermelons grow best on a sandy loam soil, although yields on clay soils can be increased significantly by mulching raised planting rows with black plastic film. // **//Spacing & Depth //** //Watermelon vines require considerable space. Plant seed one inch deep in hills spaced 6 feet apart. Allow 7 to 10 feet between rows. After the seedlings are established, thin to the best three plants per hill. Plant single transplants 2 to 3 feet apart or double transplants 4 to 5 feet apart in the rows. // //Start the seeds inside 3 weeks before they are to be set out in the garden. Plant 2 or 3 seeds in peat pellets, peat pots or cell packs and thin to the best one or two plants. For expensive seedless types, plant one seed to a pot or cell and discard those that do not germinate. Do not start too early - large watermelon seedlings transplant poorly. Growing transplants inside requires a warm temperature, ideally between 80 and 85°F. Place black plastic film over the row before planting. Use a starter fertilizer when transplanting. If you grow seedless melons, you must plant a standard seeded variety alongside. The seedless melon varieties do not have the fertile pollen necessary to pollinate and set the fruit. //

**//Care //** //Watermelons should be kept free from weeds by shallow hoeing and cultivation. The plants have moderately deep roots and watering is seldom necessary unless the weather turns dry for a prolonged period. In cooler areas, experienced gardeners may find floating row covers, drip irrigation and black plastic mulch advantageous in producing a good crop in a short season. // **//Harvesting //** //Many home gardeners experience difficulty in determining when watermelons are ripe. Use a combination of the following indicators: (1) light green, curly tendrils on the stem near the point of attachment of the melon usually turn brown and dry; (2) the surface colour of the fruit turns dull; (3) the skin becomes resistant to penetration by the thumbnail and is rough to the touch; and (4) the bottom of the melon (where it lies on the soil) turns from light green to a yellowish colour. These indicators for choosing a ripe watermelon are much more reliable than "thumping" the melon with a knuckle. Many watermelons do not emit the proverbial "dull thud “when ripe. For these, the dull thud may indicate an over-ripe, mushy melon. //

**//HEALTH BENEFITS OF WATERMELON //** //3. // //The beautiful red watermelon is also a source of the potent carotene antioxidant which is called lycopene. These antioxidants travel throughout the body neutralizing free radicals. Free radicals are substances in the body that can cause much damage to us. They are able to oxidize cholesterol, making it stick to blood vessel walls and thicken them which can lead to heart attack or stroke. The lycopene which gives fruits the attractive red colour that we find in watermelon can help reduce the risks of prostate cancer <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">. // media type="youtube" key="FvqSDabwha0" height="377" width="672" align="left"
 * 1) **//<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">1. //** //<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">The health benefits of watermelon are really great. No matter how it is sliced, it is packed with some of the most important antioxidants found in nature. //
 * 2) **//<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">2. //** //<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">It is an excellent source of vitamin C and a very good source of vitamin A, particularly through its concentration of beta-carotene. //
 * 3) **//<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">4. //** //<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">It is a surprising fact that watermelon is the only fruit that contains higher concentrations of lycopene than any other fresh fruit or vegetable. //
 * 4) **//<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">5. //** //<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Watermelon is a fruit that is rich in electrolytes sodium and potassium that we lose through our perspiration. //
 * 5) **//<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">6. //** //<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Watermelon is rich in the B vitamins necessary for energy production. Food experts recommend watermelon as a very good source of vitamin B6 and a good source of vitamin B1 and magnesium. Because of its higher water content approximately ninety per cent and calorie value it is ranked more valuable than other fruits. //
 * 6) **//<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">7. //** //<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Watermelon has a special cooling effect and is exceptionally high in centreline, an amino acid that our bodies use to make another amino acid, arginine, which is used in the urea cycle to remove ammonia from the body. //
 * 7) **//<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">8. //** //<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">The antioxidants help reducing the severity of asthma. It also reduces <span class="lad" style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">the risk of colon cancer <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">, asthma, heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and prostate cancer. //
 * 8) **//<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">9. //** //<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Watermelon is a good source of thiamine, potassium and magnesium which protect our body from so many diseases. //
 * 9) **//<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">10. //** //<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Watermelon is fat free but helps energy production. It protects against <span class="lad" style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">macular degeneration <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">. //

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