M

=**MCCARTHYISM** =

====**After World War 2, Americans began to be very afraid that hordes of communists were trying to take over the country. Communism was derided, and the American public called communists "˜reds'. Most people thought that communists were worse than murderers. Just being suspected of communism meant that one was a traitor, and association with communists was nearly as bad as being one yourself.**====

====**There were many reasons for this galloping paranoia. One reason was that news reports confirmed that some communist countries had spies in the U.S., and now had the recipe for atomic bombs. People were afraid of atomic bombs, and they feared that nuclear holocaust was just around the corner. News reports of atrocities committed by communist leaders served to fan the flames of America's fear.**====

====** The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) investigated communist organizations. The HUAC came into being because they wanted to prove that a lot of actors and writers were communists. They thought that movies were brainwashing Americans and putting communist propaganda into their heads. The Committee probed Hollywood, but they never confirmed any of the charges. They even questioned 10-year-old Shirley Temple. Movie studios became very careful about their products and their actors, because they did not want to be accused. Just to be associated with someone who was suspected of communism was enough to ruin a career. **====

====** There were those who decided to reap political gain from the fears of the American public, and the most notorious of these is Joseph McCarthy. Joe McCarthy was a Republican Senator who announced that he had lists of suspected communists. The list had names of many kinds of people, and they ranged from TV personalities to businessmen. He was often in the news, telling the American people that they were being overrun with communists, and that they must rid themselves of all the communists before America could be great again. Joe McCarthy's political star began to rise. And America is still feeling the backlash from Joe McCarthy's political ambition today. **====

====** In 1954, all of America watched avidly as the Senate held hearings for some of the people on the lists. The hearings were televised nationwide. Two future presidents were present at the hearings. Richard Nixon was a member of the HUAC, and Ronald Reagan appeared as a friendly witness. **==== ====** The HUAC blacklisted many people. Blacklisting means putting people on a list of suspected communists. It meant that their professional reputation was destroyed, and that no one would hire them for fear of being thought a communist. The HUAC and Joseph McCarthy forced many people to testify at their hearings. They asked if the people had ever been communists, they asked if they were communists now, and they asked them for the names of people who could be communists. Most people did not want to answer, because they felt that it was a violation of both their civil rights and any people they might name. **==== ====** The committee immediately blacklisted the ones who refused to cooperate. As a result of this, people who were afraid that they were going to be charged gave the names of people that they knew were not really communists. Many actors couldn't star in movies anymore because they were blacklisted. Some authors for the big screen continued to write movies using fake names, but most never worked again. Some were forced to leave the country.media type="youtube" key="3nublLQDGbU" height="315" width="420" **==== ====** A cartoonist lampooned McCarthy and made up the term McCarthyism, which to him meant fanaticism. He didn't like the way that McCarthy was hurting people. Then supporters of McCarthy took up the term, only they turned the term around, and said that it meant patriotism. Today, it is once again an insulting term. It means that a person uses rumors and not facts to condemn others. **==== ====** In the election after the hearings, the Republicans won most seats in the Congress and the Senate, and this happened largely because of McCarthy and the Senate hearings. The people also elected a Republican president. But McCarthy's power went to his head, and he went too far. He accused officials in the government of communism. He accused officials of the Army of communism. McCarthy never proved any of these charges, and his ideas were discredited. Nobody believed his claims anymore. The "˜red' scare ended. **==== ====** Even while the HUAC hearings were going on, in the height of the "˜red' scare', many people knew that the hearings were unfair, and they knew that the blacklists were wrong. Could a government that would allow unfair practices be fair in other ways? It put a strong doubt in people's minds. **==== ====** [] **==== ====** Reform groups suffered, too, during the McCarthy era. They were often accused of having communist or socialist leanings, and support for reform wavered. Fewer social reforms were passed. People didn't want to be called a communist, and America's poor suffered for it. **==== ====** McCarthyism was a major factor in a change in feelings about both politics and society. The distrust of the government and the political activism in the 1960's can be directly attributed to the lessons learned from the McCarthy era. **==== ====** This hunt for scapegoats is a dark spot on America's history. People's lives were ruined. Some committed suicide and some left the country. The national anthem calls this the land of the free. People here are allowed to hold any belief that they want. Joe McCarthy forgot that. All of America forgot that during the Senate hearings, and we are still paying for it today. **====

**
This video shows occurrences in America in Senator Joseph McCarthy's era. **==== media type="youtube" key="8rEDZmI1-Qo" height="283" width="378" align="center"

References: [] [] [] [] [|http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3nublLQDGbU&feature=player_embedded#!]


 * BURCU BAKIŞKAN **
 * 2/C 101010085 **

=**Music Theraphy **=



Music Therapy is the clinical and evidence-based use of music interventions to accomplish individualized goals within a therapeutic relationship by a credentialed professional who has completed an approved music therapy program.Music Therapy is an established health profession in which music is used within a therapeutic relationship to address physical, emotional, cognitive, and social needs of individuals. After assessing the strengths and needs of each client, the qualified music therapist provides the indicated treatment including creating, singing, moving to, and/or listening to music. Through musical involvement in the therapeutic context, clients' abilities are strengthened and transferred to other areas of their lives. Music therapy also provides avenues for communication that can be helpful to those who find it difficult to express themselves in words. Research in music therapy supports its effectiveness in many areas such as: overall physical rehabilitation and facilitating movement, increasing people's motivation to become engaged in their treatment, providing emotional support for clients and their families, and providing an outlet for expression of feelings.
 * What is Music Therapy? **



> Those who practice music therapy are finding a benefit in using music to help cancer patients, children with ADD, and others, and even hospitals are beginning to use music and music therapy to help with pain management, to help ward off depression, to promote movement, to calm patients, to ease muscle tension, and for many other benefits that music and music therapy can bring. This is not surprising, as music affects the body and mind in many powerful ways. The following are some of effects of music, which help to explain the effectiveness of music therapy: > > > > ====media type="youtube" key="aPRkgkZHjqI" height="315" width="420"==== Referances [] [] []
 * Brain Waves: Research has shown that music with a strong beat can stimulate brainwaves to resonate in sync with the beat, with faster beats bringing sharper concentration and more alert thinking, and a slower tempo promoting a calm, [|meditative state] . Also, research has found that the change in brainwave activity levels that music can bring can also enable the brain to shift speeds more easily on its own as needed, which means that music can bring lasting benefits to one's state of mind, even after he has stopped listening.
 * Breathing and Heart Rate: With alterations in brainwaves comes changes in other bodily functions. Those governed by the autonomic nervous system, such as breathing and heart rate can also be altered by the changes music can bring. This can mean slower breathing, slower heart rate, and an activation of [|the relaxation response], among other things. This is why music and music therapy can help counteract or prevent the damaging effects of [|chronic stress] , greatly promoting not only relaxation, but [|health].
 * State of Mind: Music can also be used to bring a more positive state of mind, helping to keep depression and anxiety at bay. This can help prevent [|the stress response] from wreaking havoc on the body, and can help keep creativity and [|optimism] levels higher, bringing many [|other benefits].
 * Other Benefits: Music has also been found to bring many other benefits, such as lowering blood pressure (which can also reduce the risk of stroke and other health problems over time), boost immunity, ease muscle tension, and more. With so many benefits and such profound physical effects, it’s no surprise that so many are seeing music as an important tool to help the body in staying (or becoming) healthy.

**2.C 101010090 **
****

Modern Manisa is a booming center of industry and services, advantaged by its closeness to the international port city and the regional metropolitan center of İzmir and by its fertile hinterland rich in quantity and variety of agricultural production. In fact, İzmir's proximity also adds a particular dimension to all aspects of life's pace in Manisa in the form of a dense traffic of daily commuters between the two cities, separated as they are by a half-hour drive served by a fine six-lane highway nevertheless requiring attention at all times due to its curves and the rapid ascent (sea-level to more than 500 meters at Sabuncubeli Pass) across Mount Sipylus's mythic scenery. The historic part of Manisa spreads out from a forested valley in the immediate slopes of Sipylus mountainside, along Çaybaşı Stream which flows next to Niobe's "Weeping Rock" ("Ağlayan Kaya"), an ancient bridge called the "Red Bridge" ("Kırmızı Köprü") as well as to several tombs-shrines in the Turkish style dating back to the Saruhan period (14th century). Under Ottoman rule in the centuries that followed, the city had already extended into the ondulated terrain at the start of the plain. In the last couple of decades, Manisa's width more than tripled in size across its vast plain formed by the alluvial deposits of the River Gediz, a development in which the construction of new block apartments, industrial zones and of Celal Bayar University campus played a key role. The city of Manisa is also widely visited, especially during March and September festivals, the former festival being the continuation of a five hundred year old "Mesir Paste Distribution" tradition, and also for the nearby Mount Spil national park. It is also a departure point for other visitor attractions of international acclaim which are located nearby within Manisa's depending region, such as Sardes and Alaşehir (ancient Philadelphia) inland. There is a Jewish community.
 * __ M __** anisa is a large city in Turkey's Aegean Region and the administrative seat of Manisa Province.

__ Name and etymology __

Historically, the city was also called Magnesia, and more precisely as Magnesia ad Sipylum to distinguish from Magnesia on the Maeander at a relatively short distance to the south. Traditional view held that the name "Magnesia" derived from the tribe of Magnetes who would have immigrated here from Thessaly at the dawn of the region's recorded history, although a connection with native Anatolian languages has also been suggested of recent date, particularly on the basis of discoveries made in the Hittite archives treating the Luwian western Anatolia. The name "Magnesia ad Sipylus" refers to Mount Sipylus (Mount Spil) that towers over the city and Magnesia became a city of importance starting with the Roman dominion, particularly after the 190 BC Battle of Magnesia. The names "Sipylus" or "Sipylum" in reference to a settlement here are also encountered in some sources, again in reference to the mountain and as abbreviated forms. Pliny the Elder, supported by other sources, mentions that formerly in the same place was a very celebrated city which was called "Tantalis" [2] or "the city of Tantalus" whose ruins were still visible around his time.[3] The name is rendered as Μαγνησία in ancient and modern Greek language. Under Turkish rule, the name attached to the Beys of "Saruhan", who founded the Beylik which preceded the Ottomans in the region, has been officially used, along with the name Manisa, for the city and the region alternatively and this until the present period of the Republic of Turkey. The Ottoman Turkish form of the name "Manisa" ( ماغنيسا ) was usually as it is still used presently, but a spelling with a longer first syllable, transcribed to modern Turkish as "Mağnisa", was also occasionally encountered. During the first centuries of the Ottoman Empire, many of the sons of sultans received their education in Manisa and the city is still commonly known in Turkey as "the city of shahzades" (Şehzadeler şehri) in Turkey, a distinctive title it shares only with Amasya and Trabzon. The English language root word "magnesia", from which the words "magnet" and "magnetism" and numerous other derivations were coined, as well as their equivalents in many other languages, derive from the city's name.



__ References __ []

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SAMET AKYOL 2-D /101010101

Microsoft is one of the biggest software companies in the USA. Especially, it is famous for computer operation system. It has been monopoly of computer software world since Linux and Mac OS appeared. And now most of us use windows on our computers. The last release of Windows is Seven whose codename is Blackcomb and Vienna. Of course Windows 7 has some developed aspects than old versions. First, I’ll touch briefly old versions. It started to produce software with windows 1.0 which worked on MS-DOS operation system. And windows 2, 3 and NT versions came up. In 1995, operation system was revolutionized by windows95. Its the most important aspect is not to work on MSDOS. Then window98 was produced. It was the most common operation system which is used in ninety five percent of all computers.Although Windows Me(2000) had got lots of new aspects, it wasn’t sold very much. Because windows Me was not on the markets so much time. In 2001, Windows XP was on the markets. Developers created a new design for XP and a lot of people loved this new style. XP broke a record which had been on the markets for 6 years. In 2007, a new release Vista whose codename is Longhorn was produced. Another version of windows was created between Xp and Vista (2003 server) but it was only for server system so it doesn’t used in personal computers.

I’ll analyze a next release of windows, windows 7. it was produced in 2010. There have been occasional screenshots of some of the new applets like Calculator and Paint. We can see a few changes in design in first demonstration. But generally it is the same as Vista. Transparent images and icons are used in Desktop again. But there are some useful differences on the desktop. We can see new developed start bar. The biggest visible result of all this is the taskbar. Text descriptions on the buttons are gone, in favor of big icons. The icons can—finally—be rearranged; no longer will restarting an application put all your taskbar icons in the wrong order. The navigation between windows is now two-level; mousing over an icon shows a set of window thumbnails, and clicking the thumbnail switches windows. Right clicking the icons shows a new UI device that Microsoft calls "Jump Lists." Start Menu is the same as Vista.

Window management has also undergone changes. In recognition of the fact that people tend only to use one or two windows concurrently, 7 makes organizing windows quicker and easier. Dragging a window to the top of the screen maximizes it automatically; dragging it off the top of the screen restores it. Dragging a window to the left or right edge of the screen resizes the window so that it takes 50% of the screen. With this, a pair of windows can be quickly docked to each screen edge to facilitate interaction between them.

Another common task that 7 improves is "peeking" at windows; switching to a window briefly just to read something within the window but not actually //interact// with the window. To make this easier, scrubbing the mouse over the taskbar thumbnails will turn every window except the one being pointed at into a glass outline; moving the mouse away will reinstate all the glass windows. As well as being used for peeking at windows, you can also peek at the desktop:

Peeking at the desktop is particularly significant, because the desktop is now where gadgets live. Because people are increasingly using laptops, taking up a big chunk of space for the sidebar isn't really viable; Microsoft has responded by scrapping the sidebar and putting the gadgets onto the desktop itself. Gadgets are supposed to provide at-a-glance information; peeking at the desktop, therefore, becomes essential for using gadgets.

The taskbar's system tray has also been improved. A common complaint about the tray is that it fills with useless icons and annoying notifications. With 7, the tray is now owned entirely by the user. By default, new tray icons are hidden and invisible; the icons are only displayed if explicitly enabled. The icons themselves have also been streamlined to make common tasks (such as switching wireless networks) easier and faster. [] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft
 * // Referances //**

BÜŞRA ÖZCAN 2/A 101010022


 * MAIDEN'S TOWER **

**The signature of İstanbul, Maiden's Tower**

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> The Maiden's Tower is a small islet strategically located at the beginning of Bosphorus, near Marmara Sea. It <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">was first built by the ancient Athenian general Alcibiades in 408 BC to control the movements of the Persian ships in the Bosphorus strait. Previous names of the Maiden's Tower were Damalis and Leandros. Damalis is the name of the king of Athens,Kharis. When Damalis died, she was buried on the shore, and the name Davalis was given to the tower. It was also known during Byzantine times as 'arcla' which means 'a little castle'.



<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">There are many legends about the construction of the tower and its location. According to the most popular Turkish legend, a sultan had a much beloved daughter. One day, an oracle prophesied that she would be killed by a venomous snake on her 18th birthday. The sultan, in an effort to thwart his daughter's early demise by placing her away from land so as to keep her away from any snakes, had the tower built in the middle of the Bosphorus to protect his daughter until her 18th birthday. The princess was placed in the tower, where she was frequently visited only by her father. On the 18th birthday of the princess, the sultan brought her a basket of exotic sumptuous fruits as a birthday gift, delighted that he was able to prevent the prophecy. Upon reaching into the basket, however, an asp  (Egyptian venomous snake) that had been hiding among the fruit bit the young princess and she died in her father's arms, just as the oracle had predicted. Hence the name **Maiden's Tower**.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">This miniature tower has been in service as a lighthouse, a watchtower, a traffic control center and a prison in its lifetime and after it's restoration now it has an observation terrace, gift store, a small Bosphorus Museum, tea/coffee house and restaurant.



<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">During the day, the restaurant on the ground floor has breakfast and lunch menus with above average prices. They serve a variety of world foods and traditional Turkish favorites. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">By evening, the restaurant offers an extravagant and pricey four-course choice menu. Reservations are required. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">The bar at the top of the tower serves hot and cold drinks, beer, wine, and cocktails, along with a cheese plate and snacks, at club prices. Reservations are also required.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">To have a better knowledge about the Maiden's Tower, watch this video :) media type="youtube" key="3er1hi7H5Ec" height="315" width="420"


 * <span style="color: #800000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">References: **

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<span style="color: #800000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 23px;">**2-A 101010023**
 * <span style="color: #800000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 23px;">ÖDÜL DEMİR **

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 23px;">**MERSİN - THE PEARL OF MEDITERRANEAN**

Mersin is located in the south coast of Turkey. It is a metropole city. The population of Mersin is about two-million. It is the sixth most populous city of Turkey. Mersin is also important for Turkey’s economy and tourism. It has the biggest port of Turkey. Also, it has lots of historical building and natural beauties. The slogan of the city is ‘The Pearl of Mediterranean’.



<span style="color: #800000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 24px;">CLIMATE
Mersin has a subtropic climate. At summers, it is hot and dry. On the other hand, at winters, it is warm and wet.

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">TODAY MERSİN

 * Turkish government plans to construct the country’s first nuclear power plant in Mersin.
 * There are lots of solar heating panels on top of every building, at the city.
 * The city will host the 2013 Mediterranean Games. Here is the official web site of 2013 Mediterranean Games. http://www.mersin2013.org.tr/en/

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">CUISINE
Tantuni, Cezerye, Kerebiç, Karsambaç, Bumbar, Şalgam Suyu, Künefe etc. are peculiar to Mersin cuisine.



<span style="color: #800000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">ECONOMY
Mersin Free Zone and Mersin port are too important for country & city economy. Mersin Port is an international port and it is the biggest port of Turkey.

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">EDUCATION
There are three universities in Mersin. One of them is a state university: Mersin University. And the others are private universities: Mersin Çağ University and Toros University.

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">CULTURE

 * Mersin has a State Opera and Ballet.
 * Every year, Mersin International Music Festival takes places.
 * Mersin is a coastal city. It has long shores. In order to swim, you can find too many clean places.

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">MUNICIPALITIES OF MERSİN
Akdeniz, Toroslar, Mezitli, Yenişehir, Tarsus, Silifke, Erdemli, Anamur, Mut, Gülnar, Aydıncık, Bozyazı, Çamlıyayla.

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">TWIN TOWNS AND SISTER CITIES OF MERSİN

 * Kushimoto, Japan
 * Latakia, Syria
 * West Palm Beach, USA
 * Oberhausen, Germany

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">MUST SEE PLACES

 * Kızkalesi
 * Cennet-Cehennem Obrukları
 * Kanlıdivane
 * Ashab-I Kehf



<span style="color: #800000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">REFERENCES

 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">www.mersin.gov.tr
 * www.mersin.bel.tr
 * www.mersin.web.tr
 * http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mersin_(il)

2 A - 101010029
=MARİE CURİE=

**HER LİFE**
Marie Skłodowska Curie (7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934) was a P olish – [|French][|physicist]-chemist famous for her pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first person honored with two Nobel Prizes—in physics and chemistry. She was the first female professor at the U niversity of Paris. She was the first woman to be entombed on her own merits (in 1995) in the [|Paris Panthéon]. Maria Skłodowska was born in Warsaw, Poland, on 7 November 1867, the fifth and youngest child of well-known teachers Bronisława and Władysław Skłodowski. Maria's older siblings were Zofia (born 1862), Józef (1863), Bronisława (1865) and Helena (1866). She was born Maria Skłodowska in Warsaw, in Russin Poland, and lived there to age twenty-four. In 1891 she followed her older sister Bronisława to study in Paris, where she earned her higher degrees and conducted her subsequent scientific work. She shared herNobel Prize [| i]n Physics (1903) with her husband Pierre Curie (and with Henri [|Becquerel] ). Her daughter [|Irène Joliot-Curie] and son-in-law, [|Frédéric Joliot-Curie], would similarly share a Nobel Prize. She was the sole winner of the 1911Nobel Prize Chemistry. Curie was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, and is the only woman to win in two fields, and the only person to win in multiple sciences.



Her achievements include a theory of radioactivity (a term that she coined), techniques for isolating radioactive [|i]sotapes, and the discovery of two elements,polonium and radium Under her direction, the world's first studies were conducted into the treatment of neoplasm, using radioactive isotopes. She founded the Curie Institutes: the [|Curie Institute (Paris)] and the [|Curie Institute (Warsaw)]. While an actively loyal French citizen, Skłodowska–Curie (as she styled herself) never lost her sense of Polish identity. She taught her daughters the Polish language and took them on visits to Poland. She named the first chemical that she discovered "p olonium " (1898) for her native country. During World War I she became a member of the Committee for a Free Poland (//Komitet Wolnej Polski//). In 1932 she founded a Radium Institute (now the [|Maria Skłodowska–Curie Institute of Oncology] ) in her home town, Warsaw, headed by her physician-sister Bronisława.



DEATH
Skłodowska–Curie visited Poland for the last time in the spring of 1934. Only a few months later, on 4 July 1934, Skłodowska-Curie died at the [|Sancellemoz][|Sanatorium] in Passy, in [|Haute-Savoie], eastern France, from aplastic anemia contracted from exposure to radiation. The damaging effects ofionizing radiation were not then known, and much of her work had been carried out in a shed, without proper safety measures. She had carried test tubes containing radioactive isotopes in her pocket and stored them in her desk drawer, remarking on the pretty blue-green light that the substances gave off in the dark. She was interred at the cemetery in Scauex, alongside her husband Pierre. Sixty years later, in 1995, in honor of their achievements, the remains of both were transferred to the [|Panthéon, Paris]. She became the first – and so far the only – woman to be honored with interrment in the Panthéon on her own merits. Her laboratory is preserved at the Musee Curie. Because of their levels of radioactivity, her papers from the 1890s are considered too dangerous to handle. Even her cookbook is highly radioactive. They are kept in lead-lined boxes, and those who wish to consult them must wear protective clothing.

media type="youtube" key="0vTRrZU-LKQ" width="467" height="385" align="center"

REFERENCES [|**http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie**]

=[]= =[]=

2/C
= = Mona Lisa Smile <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Mona Lisa Smile is romantic, drama film. It is produced by Revolution Studios and Columbia Pictures in 2003 and directed by Mike Newell. The story is written by Lawrence Konner and Mark Rosenthal. The title is a reference to the Mona Lisa, the famous painting by Leonardo da Vinci and the song of the same name, originally performed by Nat King Cole. **Plot** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">In 1953, Katherine Ann Watson (Julia Roberts) takes a position teaching “History of Art” at Wellesley College. The college is a conservative woman`s private liberal arts college in Massachusetts. She wants to make a difference and influence the next generation of women. When Katherine comes to her first class, she discovers that the girls have memorized the entire syllabus from the textbook. Therefore, she encourages spirited classroom discussions about topics such as what makes good art and what the Mona Lisa smile means. But this causes the conflict with College President (Marian Seldes). She warns Katherine to use the syllabus. But she doesn’t care this warning. She is only interested in her learners` dreams. Joan Brondwyn (Julia Stiles) dreams of being lawyer and Katherine encourages her to apply Yale Law School, where she is accepted. However, Joan elopes with her fiancé Tommy (Topher Grace) and she is happy for being a wife and mother. After graduation, she asks Katherine to respect her choice. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Betty Warren (Kirsten Dunst) is highly conservative person like her mother. She doesn’t understand why Katherine is not married. Katherine advocates that women should seek a career instead of being wives and mothers. Betty cannot wait to marry Spencer (Jordan Bridges) as their parents have arranged and expectes to get the traditional exemptions from attending class because she is married, but Katherine insists she will be marked on merit. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Connie Baker (Ginnifer Gooodwin) is dating Betty’s cousin, Charlie (Ebon Moss-Bachrach). Betty tells her that he is using her because his parents arranged for him to marry Deb, a girl more of his social standing. So Connie ends the relationship. However, Charlie doesn’t want to marry Deb so he and Connie get back together. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Giselle Levy (Maggie Gyllenhaal) supports Katherine because she sees that Katherine has chosen what she wants in her life. She has affairs with a professor and a married man. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">At the end of the story, Katherine decides to leave for exploring Europe. Betty dedicates her last editorial to her teacher Katherine Watson, claiming that Katherine is “an extraordinary woman who lived by example and compelled us all to see the world through new eyes”. As Katherine`s taxi speeds up, all her students follow on their bicycles and Betty is seen struggling to keep up with the taxi as a last effort to thank Katherine for changing her life. Cast media type="youtube" key="t8_PFfQAfpI" height="315" width="420" align="center"
 * § <span style="color: #0b0080; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">[|Julia Roberts] <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> as Katherine Ann Watson
 * § <span style="color: #0b0080; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">[|Kirsten Dunst] <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> as Elizabeth "Betty" Warren (Jones)
 * § <span style="color: #0b0080; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">[|Julia Stiles] <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> as Joan Brandwyn (Donegal)
 * § <span style="color: #0b0080; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">[|Maggie Gyllenhaal] <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> as Giselle Levy
 * § <span style="color: #0b0080; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">[|Ginnifer Goodwin] <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> as Constance "Connie" Baker
 * § <span style="color: #0b0080; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">[|Dominic West] <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> as Bill Dunbar
 * § <span style="color: #0b0080; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">[|Juliet Stevenson] <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> as Amanda Armstrong
 * § <span style="color: #0b0080; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">[|Marcia Gay Harden] <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> as Nancy Abbey
 * § <span style="color: #0b0080; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">[|John Slattery] <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> as Paul Moore
 * § <span style="color: #0b0080; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">[|Marian Seldes] <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> as President Jocelyn Carr
 * § <span style="color: #0b0080; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">[|Ebon Moss-Bachrach] <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> as Charlie Stewart
 * § <span style="color: #0b0080; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">[|Topher Grace] <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> as Tommy Donegal
 * § <span style="color: #0b0080; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">[|Jordan Bridges] <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> as Spencer Jones
 * § <span style="color: #0b0080; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">[|Laura Allen] <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> as Susan Delacorte
 * § <span style="color: #0b0080; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">[|Emily Bauer] <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> as Art History Student
 * § <span style="color: #0b0080; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">[|Tori Amos] <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> as Wedding Singer
 * § <span style="color: #0b0080; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">[|Lisa Roberts Gillan] <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> as Miss Albini
 * § <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Emily Eby as Miss Robin
 * § <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Taylor Roberts as Louise
 * § <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Mary Pascoe as Mary S. Pascoe, a photographer

REFERENCES [] []

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">SÜMEYYE YILDIZ <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">101010047 2-B

=<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">aldive Islands is an island in the Indian Ocean.It is between Minicoy Island and Chagos.The Maldives has nearly 1,190 coral islands.Marine life supplies vegetation for living there.There are valuable waters around the Maldives.Fisher is an important role of commerce in the island.The maldives have different sea life. There are 2,000 species of fish, reef sharks, eels and the whale sharks in the Maldive Islands. = =<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> = =<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Maldives has two different seasons.They are dry season and wet season.In these two seasons, the level of temperature is very different from each other.Because of having small islands and sea around Maldives, breezes eases the hot days in the islands.Generally, the daily temperature around 31 degrees in daytime and 23 degrees in night time. The maximum temperature has ever recorded is 36,8 degrees and the minimum temperature that has ever recorded is 17,2 degrees in the Maldives.The wet season occurs in Maldives from mid May to November. In these times, Maldives has torrential rain and receives average 1924,7 mm rainfall in a year. The highest rainfall recorded in the Maldives is 24 hour in 2002.Because of its location, Maldives has sunshine through the year. Maldives receives 2704,07 hours of sunshine each year. = =<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> = =<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Tourism is important for the Maldives.185 islands are home to its 300,000 population = =<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">while the other islands are used mainly for economic purposes.The development of tourism rises the countr's economy.It creates direct and indirect income for people. = =<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> = =<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Maldives is famous for its wonderful coastal beauty. The islands which lies in the Indian ocean have so beatiful beaches that have earned praise from people all over the world.There are also lagoons, adventure sports, sea food and spa join beaches. = =<span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">I think because of these features that I have mentioned above it is worth seeing Maldive Islands.If you have enough time and opportunity, it can be a perfect experience to have. = =REFERENCES= [] [] [] []

=TUĞBA AKBULUT= =2-D 101010108=

= = = = =MEMENTO=

Memento is a 2000 American psychological thriller and neo-noir film written and directed by Christopher Nolan, adapted from his younger brother Jonathan's short story, Memento Mori.

Memento is presented as two different sequences of scenes: a series in black-and-white that are shown chronologically, and a series of color sequences shown in reverse order. The two sequences "meet" at the end of the film, producing one common story.[2] It stars Guy Pearce as Leonard Shelby, a man with anterograde amnesia, which impairs his ability to store new explicit memories. During the opening credits, which portray the end of the story, it is shown that Leonard kills Teddy (Joe Pantoliano). The film suggests that this killing is vengeance for the rape and murder of his wife (Jorja Fox) based on information provided by Natalie (Carrie-Anne Moss).

Memento premiered on September 5, 2000, at the Venice International Film Festival to critical acclaim and received a similar response when it was released in European theaters starting in October 2000. Critics especially praised its unique, nonlinear narrative structure and themes of memory, perception, grief, self-deception, and revenge. The film was successful at the box office and received numerous accolades, including Academy Award nominations for Original Screenplay and Film Editing.

Plot:
A backwards sequence is shown. It starts with the Polaroid photograph of a dead man. As the sequence plays backwards the photo reverts to its undeveloped state, entering the camera before the man is shot in the head. This is followed by interspersed black-and-white and color sequences, with the black-and-white sequences taking place chronologically before the color sequences.

The black-and-white sequences begin with Leonard Shelby (Guy Pearce) in a motel room speaking to an unnamed caller. Leonard has anterograde amnesia and is unable to store recent memories, the result of an attack by two men. Leonard killed the attacker who raped and strangled his wife (Jorja Fox), but a second clubbed him and escaped. The police did not accept there was a second attacker, but Leonard believes he is called John with a last name starting with G. Leonard conducts his own investigation using a system of notes, Polaroid photos, and tattoos. As an insurance investigator, Leonard recalls one Sammy Jankis, also diagnosed with the same condition. Sammy's diabetic wife, trying to trigger his memory, repeatedly requested insulin injections, hoping that Sammy would remember the previous. He did not and as a result, she fell into a coma and died.

The color sequences are shown in reverse chronological order. Leonard gets a tattoo, based on instructions to himself, of the license plate of John G. Finding a note in his clothes, he meets Natalie (Carrie-Anne Moss), a bartender who resents Leonard as he wears the clothes and drives the car of her boyfriend, Jimmy. After understanding his condition, she uses it to get Leonard to drive a man named Dodd out of town and offers to run the license plate to help his investigation. Meanwhile, Leonard meets with a contact, Teddy (Joe Pantoliano). Teddy helps with Dodd, but warns him about Natalie; however, Leonard has written on a photo of Teddy to not trust him. Natalie provides Leonard the driver's license, which shows a John Edward Gammell, the real name of Teddy. Confirming Leonard's information on "John G" and his warnings, Leonard meets Teddy and drives him to an abandoned building, killing him as shown in the opening.

In the final black-and-white sequence, prompted by the caller, Leonard meets Teddy in the motel lobby. Teddy is an undercover officer and has found Leonard's "John G", Natalie’s boyfriend Jimmy Grantz, and directs Leonard to the same abandoned building outside of town. When Jimmy arrives, Leonard strangles him and takes a photo of the body. As it develops the black-and-white transitions to color, thus beginning the color sequences. Leonard swaps clothes with Jimmy, hearing Jimmy whisper "Sammy". As Leonard has only told the story of Sammy to those he has met, he doubts Jimmy is the attacker. Teddy arrives and asserts that Jimmy was John G but eventually reveals that together, they had already found and killed the real attacker over a year ago. Teddy claims that Leonard confused elements of his life with that of Sammy, who was a con man with no wife. Leonard's wife was diabetic, had survived the attack and was the one who died in the insulin overdose. Teddy accuses Leonard of creating an unsolvable puzzle to give himself purpose and points out that since "John G" is a common name, he will continually forget and begin his search again and that even Teddy himself has a John G name. After hearing Teddy's exposition, Leonard consciously burns the photograph of Jimmy's body, drives off in Jimmy's car and has Teddy's license plate number tattooed on himself as the one of the second attacker, which will lead to the events of Teddy's death.

Cast:
Guy Pearce as Leonard Shelby

Carrie-Anne Moss as Natalie

Joe Pantoliano as Teddy (John Edward Gammell)

Mark Boone Junior as Burt

Russ Fega as Waiter

Jorja Fox as Leonard's Wife

Stephen Tobolowsky as Sammy (Samuel R. Jankis)

Harriet Sansom Harris as Mrs. Jankis

Thomas Lennon as Doctor

Callum Keith Rennie as Dodd

Kimberly Campbell as Blonde

Marianne Muellerleile as Tattooist

Larry Holden as Jimmy (James F. Grantz)

=**Film structure**=

Fabula/Story vs Sujet/Plot.
The sujet, or the presentation of the film, is structured with two timelines: one in color and one in black-and-white. The color sequences are alternated with black-and-white sequences. The latter are put together in chronological order. The color ones, though shown forward (except for the very first one, which is shown in reverse) are ordered in reverse. Chronologically, the black-and-white sequences come first, the color sequences come next.

Using the numbering scheme suggested by Andy Klein in his article for Salon magazine[2] who took numbers from 1 to 22 for the black-and-white sequences and letters A-V for the color ones the plotting of the film as presented is: Opening Credits (shown "backward"), 1, V, 2, U, 3, T, 4, S, ..., 22/A, Credits.

There is a smooth transition from the black-and-white sequence 22 to color sequence A and it occurs during the development of a Polaroid photograph.

The fabula of the film (the chronological order of the story) can be viewed as a "Hidden feature" on the 2-Disc Limited Edition Region 1 DVD [4] and the 3-Disc special Edition Region 2 DVD.[5] In this special feature the chapters of the film are put together into the chronological order and is shown: Ending Credits (run in reverse), 1, 2, 3, ..., 22, A, B, ..., V, then the opening title runs "backward" to what was shown (the opening title sequence is run in reverse during the actual film, so it is shown forward in this version).

Stefano Ghislotti wrote an article in Film Anthology[6] which discusses how Nolan provides the viewer with the clues necessary to decode sujet/plotline as we watch and help us understand the fabula/story from it. The color sequences include a brief overlap to help clue the audience in to the fact that they are being presented in reverse order. The purpose of the fragmented reverse sequencing is to force the audience into a sympathetic experience of Leonard's defective short-term memory, where prior events are not recalled, since the audience has yet to see them.

=Production=

Development
In July 1996, brothers Christopher and Jonathan Nolan took a cross-country road trip from Chicago to Los Angeles, as Christopher was relocating his home to the West Coast. During the drive, Jonathan pitched the story for the film to his brother, who responded enthusiastically to the idea. After they arrived in Los Angeles, Jonathan left for Washington, D.C., to finish college. Christopher repeatedly asked Jonathan to send him a first draft, and after a few months, Jonathan complied. Two months later, Christopher came up with the idea to tell the film backwards, and began to work on the screenplay. Jonathan wrote the short story simultaneously, and the brothers continued to correspond, sending each other subsequent revisions of their respective works.

Jonathan's short story, titled "Memento Mori", is radically different from Christopher's film, although it maintains the same essential elements. In Jonathan's version, Leonard is instead named Earl and is a patient at a mental institution. As in the film, his wife was killed by an anonymous man, and during the attack on his wife, Earl lost his short-term memory. Like Leonard, Earl leaves notes to himself and has tattoos with information about the killer. However, in the short story, Earl convinces himself through his own written notes to escape the mental institution and murder his wife's killer. Unlike the film, there is no ambiguity that Earl finds and kills the anonymous man.

In July 1997, Christopher's then-girlfriend Emma Thomas showed his screenplay to Aaron Ryder, an executive for Newmarket Films. Ryder said the script was, "perhaps the most innovative script I had ever seen", and soon after, it was optioned by Newmarket and given a budget of $4.5 million. Pre-production lasted seven weeks, during which the main shooting location changed from Montreal, Quebec to Los Angeles, California, to create a more realistic and noirish atmosphere for the film.



Casting
Brad Pitt was initially slated to play the lead role of Leonard. Pitt was interested in the part, but passed due to scheduling conflicts.[14] Other considered actors include Aaron Eckhart and Thomas Jane, but the role went to Guy Pearce, who impressed Nolan the most. Pearce was chosen partly for his "lack of celebrity" (after Pitt passed on the film, they "decided to eschew the pursuit of A-list stars and make the film for less money by using an affordable quality actor"), and his enthusiasm for the role, evidenced by a personal phone call Pearce made to Nolan to discuss the part.

After being impressed by Carrie-Anne Moss' performance as Trinity in the 1999 science fiction film The Matrix, Jennifer Todd suggested her for the part of Natalie. While Mary McCormack lobbied for the role, Nolan decided to cast Moss as Natalie, saying, "She added an enormous amount to the role of Natalie that wasn't on the page". For the corrupt police officer Teddy, Moss suggested her co-star from The Matrix, Joe Pantoliano. Although there was a concern that Pantoliano might be too villainous for the part, he was still cast, and Nolan said he was surprised by the actor's subtlety in his performance.

The rest of the film's characters were quickly cast after the three main leads were established. Stephen Tobolowsky and Harriet Sansom Harris play Sammy Jankis and his wife, respectively. Mark Boone Junior landed the role of Burt, the motel clerk, because Jennifer Todd liked his "look and attitude" for the part (as a result he has re-appeared in minor roles in other productions by Nolan). Larry Holden plays Jimmy Grantz, a drug dealer and Natalie's boyfriend, while Callum Keith Rennie performs the part of Dodd, a thug to whom Jimmy owes money. Rounding out the cast is Jorja Fox as Leonard's wife and Kimberly Campbell as a prostitute.

Filming
Filming took place from September 7 to October 8, 1999, a 25-day shooting schedule. Pearce was on set every day during filming, although all three principal actors (including Pantoliano and Moss) only performed together the first day, shooting exterior sequences outside Natalie's house. All of Moss' scenes were completed in the first week, including follow-up scenes at Natalie's home, Ferdy's bar, and the restaurant where she meets Leonard for the final time.

Pantoliano returned to the set late in the second week to continue filming his scenes. On September 25, the crew shot the opening scene in which Leonard kills Teddy. Although the scene is in reverse motion, Nolan used forward-played sounds. For a shot of a shell casing flying upwards, the shell had to be dropped in front of the camera in forward motion, but it constantly rolled out of frame. Nolan was forced to blow the casing out of frame instead, but in the confusion, the crew shot it backwards. They then had to make an optical (a copy of the shot) and reverse the shot to make it go forward again. "That was the height of complexity in terms of the film", Nolan says. "An optical to make a backwards running shot forwards, and the forwards shot is a simulation of a backwards shot."

The next day, on September 26, Larry Holden returned to shoot the sequence where Leonard attacks Jimmy. After filming was completed five days later, Pearce's voice-overs were recorded. For the black-and-white scenes, Pearce was given free rein to improvise his narrative, allowing for a documentary feel.

The Hillcrest Inn in Tujunga, California, was repainted and used as the interior of Leonard's and Dodd's motel rooms and the exterior of the film's Discount Inn. Scenes in Sammy Jankis' house were shot in a suburban home close to Pasadena, while Natalie's house was located in Burbank. The crew planned to shoot the derelict building set (where Leonard kills Teddy and Jimmy) in a Spanish-styled brick building owned by a train company. However, one week before shooting began, the company placed several dozen train carriages outside the building, making the exterior unfilmable. Since the interior of the building had already been built as a set, a new location had to be found. An oil refinery near Long Beach was used instead, and the scene where Leonard burns his wife's possessions was filmed on the other side of the refinery.

Music
David Julyan composed the film's synthesized score. Julyan acknowledges several synthesized soundtracks that inspired him, such as Vangelis' Blade Runner and Hans Zimmer's The Thin Red Line.[26] While composing the score, Julyan created different, distinct sounds to differentiate between the color and black-and-white scenes: "brooding and classical" themes in the former, and "oppressive and rumbly noise" in the latter. Since he describes the entire score as "Leonard's theme", Julyan says, "The emotion I was aiming at with my music was yearning and loss. But a sense of loss you feel but at the same time you don't know what it is you have lost, a sense of being adrift."[28] Initially, Nolan wanted to use Radiohead's "Paranoid Android" during the end credits, but he was unable to secure the rights.[29] Instead, David Bowie's "Something in the Air" is used, although another of Radiohead's songs, an extended version of "Treefingers", is included on the film's soundtrack.

**[|Click here watch the TRAILER]**
=**HAKAN TANRIVER**= =**2/C**= =**101010075**=

= //**Maulana Jalaluddin Rumi**// =




 * <span style="color: #781400; font-family: Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Who is Mevlana? **

<span style="color: #961e00; font-family: Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt; text-decoration: none;">[|Mevlana Celaddiin-i Rumi] <span style="color: #1e0000; font-family: Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"> is a 13th century **//<span style="color: #781400; font-family: Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;">Muslim saint //**<span style="color: #1e0000; font-family: Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"> and [|//**Anatolian mystic**//] known throughout the world for his exquisite [|poems and words of wisdom], which have been translated into many languages. //**<span style="color: #781400; font-family: Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;">Rumi **//<span style="color: #1e0000; font-family: Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;">, as he is known in the west, is //**the best selling poet in USA**//. The United Nations declared 2007 //**The Year of Rumi**//<span style="color: #1e0000; font-family: Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"> and celebrations were held world wide. <span style="color: #1e0000; font-family: Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;">Mevlana was a Muslim, but not an orthodox type. His doctrine advocates unlimited tolerance, positive reasoning, goodness, charity and awareness through love. To him all religions were more or less truth. **//<span style="color: #781400; font-family: Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;">Mevlana looked with the same eye on Muslim, Jew and Christian alike. //**<span style="color: #1e0000; font-family: Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"> His peaceful and tolerant <span style="color: #1e0a00; font-family: Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt; text-decoration: none;">[|teachings] <span style="color: #1e0000; font-family: Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"> have appealed to men of all sects and creeds. In 1958, //**<span style="color: #781400; font-family: Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;">Pope John XXIII **//<span style="color: #1e0000; font-family: Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"> wrote a special message saying: //“In the name of the Catholic World, I bow with respect before the memory of Rumi.”// <span style="color: #1e0000; font-family: Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;">Mevlana died on 17 December 1273 and was laid to rest beside his father in <span style="color: #1e0a00; font-family: Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt; text-decoration: none;">Konya <span style="color: #1e0000; font-family: Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;">, in present day Turkey. A splendid shrine, the //**Mevlana Moseleum**//<span style="color: #1e0000; font-family: Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"> was erected over their remains, which is now a museum and place of pilgrimage. Every year on that day, at this magnificient 13th century mausoleum we celebrate [|//**Seb-i Arus**//], his //'Wedding Day',//together with thousands of people from all around the world.


 * <span style="color: #781400; font-family: Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Whirling Dervishes, **//**<span style="color: #781400; font-family: Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Sema **// <span style="color: #1e0000; font-family: Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"> [|Seb-i Arus,] [|//The Wedding Day//]

<span style="color: #1e0000; font-family: Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;">Sema is part of the inspiration of <span style="color: #1e0a00; font-family: Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;">[|Mevlana Celaleddin-i Rumi] <span style="color: #1e0000; font-family: Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"> as well as of Turkish custom, history, beliefs and culture. It is what we do as a form of remembrance of God. <span style="color: #1e0000; font-family: Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;">From a scientific viewpoint we witness that contemporary science definitely confirms that the fundamental condition of our existence is to revolve. There is no object, no being which does not revolve and the shared similarity among beings is the revolution of the electrons, protons and neutrons in the atoms, which constitute the structure of each of them. As a consequence of this similarity, everything revolves and man carries on his live, his very existence by means of the revolution in the atoms, structural stones of his body, by the revolution of his blood, by his coming from the earth and return to it, by his revolving with earth itself. <span style="color: #1e0000; font-family: Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;">However, all of these are natural, unconscious revolutions. But man is the possessor of a mind and intelligence which distinguishes him from and makes him superior to other beings. Thus the "whirling dervish" or Semazen causes the mind to participate in the shared similarity and revolution of all other beings… Otherwise, the Sema ceremony represents a mystical journey of man's spiritual ascent through mind and love to "Perfect". Turning towards the truth, his growth through love, desert his ego, find the truth and arrive to the "Perfect", then he return from this spiritual journey as a man who reached maturity and a greater perfection, so as to love and to be of service to the whole of creation, to all creatures without discrimination of believes, races, classes and nations.


 * //MEVLANA MUSEUM//**



//Mevlana Dergahi (Dervish Lodge) which is presently used as a museum formerly the Rose Garden of the Seljuks Palace and it was given as a gift to Mevlana's father Sultanü'l-Ulema Bahaaeddin Veled by Sultan Alaeddin Keykubad//

//When Sultanü'l-Ulema died on 12 January 1231, he was buried the present grave which is in the mausoleum. This was the first burial ever take place in the Rose Garden. After the death of Sultanü'l-Ulema, his friends and disciples approached Mevlana and told of their wish to build a maussoleum over his grave. Mevlana refused this request remarking "How could there be a better mausoleum than the sky itself?). However when he died on 17 December 1273, his son Sultan Veled accepted the request of those who wanted to build a maussoleum over Mevlana's grave. The mausoleum called "Kubbe-i Hadra" (Green mausoleum) was built by the architect Bedrettin from Tebriz for 130,000 Seljuk dirhem (currency) on four elephant feet (thick columns). After this date, the construction activities never ceased and continued in stages up to the end of the 19th century.//

//Mevlevi Derhgahi (Dervish Lodge) and the mausoleum started to function as a museum in 1926 under the name of Konya Museum of Historical Works. In 1954 the display pattern of the museum was once more taken up and it was renamed as the Mevlevi Museum.//

//While the Museum originally covered an area of 6,500m² together with its garden, with the section expropriated later and designed as a rose garden, it has today reached a size of 18,000m²//

//The courtyard of the museum is entered from "Dervisan Kapisi" (The gate of the Dervishes). There are dervish cells along the north and west sides of the courtyard. The south side, after Matbah and Hürrem Pasha mausoleums, terminates with the gate of Hamusan (Sealed Lips) which opens to Üçler cemetery. On the eastern side of the courtyard there is the mausoleums of Sinan Pasha, Fatma Hatun and Hasan Pasha, the Samahane (Ritual Prayer Hall) next to them and the small mosque (mesjidt) section and the main building where the graves of Mevlana and his family members are also housed.//

//The courtyard is given a special flavor with the roofed washing fountain (sadirvan) built by Sultan Yavuz Sultan Selim in 1512 and the "Seb-i Arus" (means nuptial night or the night Mevlana passed away) pool and the fountain which is located in the northern part of the court and called Selsebil.//

media type="youtube" key="xR5lDDxpHvM" width="425" height="350"

REFERENCES: [] []

** irabilis Jalapa **


 * Flowers and color **

A curious aspect of this plant is that flowers of different colors can be found simultaneously on the same plant.



<span style="color: #5f497a; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">Different color variation in the flower and different color flowers in same plant.



Variegated flower on a four o'clock plant. media type="youtube" key="ApWblSBiwEE" width="425" height="350"



Naturally occurring color variation on four o'clock flowers.

Additionally, an individual flower can be splashed with different colors. Another interesting point is a color-changing phenomenon. For example, in the yellow variety, as the plant matures, it can display flowers that gradually change to a dark pink color. Similarly white flowers can change to light violet.



A four o'clocplant in full bloom.

The flowers usually open from late afternoon onwards, then producing a strong, sweet-smelling fragrance.


 * Habitat and cultivation **

M. jalapa hails from [|tropical] [|South America], but has become naturalised throughout tropical and warm temperate regions. In cooler [|temperate] [|regions], it will die back with the first frosts, regrowing in the following spring from the tuberous roots. The plant does best in full [|sun]. It grows to approximately 0.9 m in height. The single-seeded fruits are spherical, wrinkled and black upon maturity, having started out greenish-yellow. The plant will self-seed, often spreading rapidly if left unchecked in a garden. Some gardeners recommend that the seeds should be soaked before planting, but this is not totally necessary. In North America, the plant perennializes in warm, coastal environments, particularly in USDA Zones 9–10.


 * Genetic studies **

Around 1900, [|Carl Correns] used Mirabilis as a model organism for his studies on cytoplasmic inheritanc. He used the plant's variegated leaves to prove that certain factors outside the nucleus affected phenotype in a way not explained by Mendel's theories. Correns proposed that leaf color in Mirabilis was passed on via a uniparental mode of inheritance. Also, when red-flowered plants are crossed with white-flowered plants, pink-flowered offspring, not red, are produced. This is seen as an exception to Mendel's Law of Dominance, because in this case the red and white genes are of equal strength, so none completely dominates the other. The phenomenon is known as incomplete dominance. Seed


 * Uses **

The flowers are used in food colouring. The leaves may be eaten cooked as well, but only as an emergency food. An edible crimson dye is obtained from the flowers to colour cakes and jellies. In herbal medicine, parts of the plant may be used as a diuretic, purgative, and for [|vulnerary] (wound healing) purposes. The root is believed an aphrodisiac as well as diuretic and purgative. It is used in the treatment of dropsy. The leaves are used to reduce inflammation. A decoction of them (mashing and boiling) is used to treat abscesses. Leaf juice may be used to treat wounds. Powdered, the seed of some varieities is used as a cosmetic and a dye. The seeds are considered poisonous.


 * In The Garden **

An old fashioned favorite, four o-clocks are a fast growing bush plant. They grow to about 36" with oval lance shaped leaves and trumpet shaped, fragrant flowers. Flowers may be shades of red, pink, yellow, white or striped. Mirabilis is a wonderful addition to an evening garden. Once even one flower opens, a rich fragrance is released into the surrounding air. The plant thrives in all zones, blooming in early through late summer. Four o’clocks thrive in ordinary soil in full sun or partial shade, sending up numerous volunteer seedlings every year (even in cold parts of the country.)

Seeds may be sown directly into the garden in the Spring in warm areas. In other areas, start the seeds indoors about eight weeks before the final frost date in Spring for transplanting. Seedlings may be set in the garden at about the same time you would plant tomatoes. Allow about 12 inches between plants. Roots are tuberous and can be stored for planting in the Spring. Plants can also be divided in early Spring.


 * REFERENCES **

[|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirabi] [] [|lis_jalapa] []


 * Kübra ÖZLER **
 * 2-B 101010062 **



** (Band) **



<span style="color: #008080; display: block; font-family: 'comic sans ms',cursive; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;">[|Christopher Wolstenholme] <span style="color: #008080; display: block; font-family: 'comic sans ms',cursive; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;">[|Dominic Howard] ||
 * <span style="color: #781400; display: block; font-family: 'comic sans ms',cursive; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">Background information ||
 * <span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Origin || <span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> [|Teignmouth], Devon, England ||
 * <span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'comic sans ms',cursive; text-decoration: none;">[|Genres] || <span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> [|Alternative rock], [|new prog] , [|space rock] , [|symphonic rock] , progressive metal ||
 * <span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Years active || <span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">1994–present ||
 * <span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'comic sans ms',cursive; text-decoration: none;">[|Labels] || <span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> [|Warner Bros.], [|Helium 3] , [|Taste] , [|Mushroom] , [|Dangerous] ||
 * <span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Website || <span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'comic sans ms',cursive; text-decoration: none;">[|www.muse.mu] ||
 * <span style="color: #008080; display: block; font-family: 'comic sans ms',cursive; text-align: center;">Members ||
 * <span style="color: #008080; display: block; font-family: 'comic sans ms',cursive; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;">[|Matthew James Bellamy]

<span style="color: #008000; display: block; font-family: 'comic sans ms',cursive; text-align: left;">Muse are an English [|rock] band from [|Teignmouth], [|Devon] , formed in 1994. The band consists of school friends [|Matthew Bellamy] (lead vocals, lead guitar, piano, keyboards, keytar), [|Christopher Wolstenholme] (bass, vocals, keyboards, rhythm guitar, harmonica) and [|Dominic Howard] (drums, percussion, synthesisers, sampling, harmtar). Muse are known for their energetic and extravagant live performances.

<span style="color: #008000; display: block; font-family: 'comic sans ms',cursive; text-align: left;">Muse have released five studio albums: // [|Showbiz] // (1999), // [|Origin of Symmetry] // (2001), // [|Absolution] // (2003), // [|Black Holes and Revelations] // (2006), and // [|The Resistance] // (2009). The band have also issued three live albums, // [|Hullabaloo Soundtrack] // (2002), which is also a compilation of B-sides, // [|Absolution Tour] // (2005), and // [|HAARP] // (2008), which documents the band's performance at [|Wembley Stadium] in 2007. A sixth studio album is currently in the process of being recorded and is expected to be released in October 2012.



<span style="color: #008000; display: block; font-family: 'comic sans ms',cursive; text-align: left;">//Black Holes and Revelations// earned the band a // [|Mercury Prize] // nomination and a third place finish in the // [|NME] // //Albums of the Year// list for 2006. Muse have also won [|numerous other music awards] throughout their history, including five // [|MTV Europe Music Awards] //, five // [|Q Awards] //, eight // [|NME Awards] //, two // [|Brit Awards] //—winning //Best British Live Act// twice, an // [|MTV Video Music Award] //, four // [|Kerrang! Awards] // and an // [|American Music Award] //. They were also nominated for three // [|Grammy Awards] //, of which they won // [|Best Rock Album] //, for their fifth studio album // [|The Resistance] //.

<span class="mw-headline" style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">2012: Sixth studio album
<span style="color: #008000; display: block; font-family: 'comic sans ms',cursive; text-align: left;">According to bassist Chris Wolstenholme, Muse are set to enter the studio to start recording the new album in September 2011. Wolstenholme told [|BBC Radio 1]: "September and October, that's when we're going to get into the studio to start writing the new album." In an interview with //[|Billboard]// on 18 October 2011, the band's manager Anthony Addis revealed that Muse have already begun recording their sixth album in London and that he expected it to be released by October 2012.Bellamy jokingly described the album as a "christian gangsta rap jazz odyssey, with some ambient rebellious dubstep and face melting metal flamenco cowboy psychedelia" on his [|Twitter] account. In an interview with //[|Kerrang!]// on 14 December 2011, Wolstenholme stated that the next Muse album would be "something radically different" from their prior releases. He also said that it felt as if the band were "drawing a line under a certain period" of their career with their sixth album.It was revealed via Muse's publicist Tom Kirk on his [|Twitter] account that composer [|David Campbell] who had worked with acts such as [|Radiohead], [|Paul McCartney], [|Beck] and [|Adele] was helping Matt Bellamy compose the album. In an interview in the April 2012 issue of [|NME], Bellamy said that the band were set to include elements of [|electronic music], with influences coming from acts such as [|French house] duo [|Justice], as well as the inclusion of brass players. Bellamy also confirmed a release date of autumn 2012 for the album in said interview.



media type="youtube" key="RC5PjWQt6QE?version=3" height="360" width="640" <span style="color: #e90c0c; display: block; font-family: georgia,serif; text-align: center;">**References**

[] []) []

<span style="color: #008000; display: block; font-family: 'comic sans ms',cursive; font-size: 120%; text-align: left;">Aslı Çelik <span style="color: #008000; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%; text-align: left;">2-D <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;"> 101010119 Aslı ÇELİK 2-D 101010119  <span style="color: #3366cc; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 180%;"> //**MICHAEL JACKSON**// <span style="color: #800000; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; text-align: left;"> Jackson was born August 29, 1958, in Gary, Indiana, to an African-American working-class family. His father, Joseph Jackson, had been a guitarist but had put aside his musical aspirations to provide for his family as a crane operator. Believing his sons had talent, he molded them into a musical group in the early 1960s. <span style="color: #800000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;"> **Music Career** reer at the age of 5 as the lead singer of the Jackson 5 who formed inM  <span style="display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #800000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> Michael Jackson begun his musical career at the age of 5 as the lead singer of the Jackson 5 who formed in 1964. In these early years Jackson 5, Jackie, Jermaine, Tito, Marlon and lead singer Michael played local clubs and bars in Gary Indiana and moving further afield as there talents grew and they could compete in bigger competitions. From these early days Michael would be at the same clubs as big talented stars of there days, such as Jackie Wilson and would be learning from them even back then. <span style="color: #800000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> At the age of 13, Jackson launched a solo career in addition to his work with the Jackson. He made the charts in 1971 with "Got to Be There" from the album of the same name. His 1972 album, //Ben//, featured the eponymous ballad about a rat. The song became Jackson's first solo No.1 single.

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> The song also appeared on his next solo album, //Thriller// (1982), which generated seven Top 10 hits. On a television special honoring Motown, Jackson performed "Billie Jean"—eventually a No. 1 hit—and debuted his soon-to-be-famous dance move called "The Moonwalk." Jackson, a veteran performer by this time, created this step himself and choreographed the dance sequences for the video of his other No. 1 hit, "Beat It."

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**Trade Mark**
 * <span style="color: #800000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">The Moonwalk
 * <span style="color: #800000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Single sequined white glove
 * <span style="color: #800000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">He always wears white socks with black shoes
 * <span style="color: #800000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Often wore a black hat and a jacket with a ribbon around one sleeve
 * <span style="color: #800000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Lyrics reflecting his social concerns and hopes for a better world
 * <span style="color: #800000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Long black hair
 * <span style="color: #800000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">High pitched voice
 * <span style="color: #800000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">The crotch grab

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;"> Death and Aftermath
<span style="color: #800000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Jackson would never get to experience the success of his comeback tour. On June 25, 2009, Jackson suffered cardiac arrest in his Los Angeles home. He was rushed to the hospital after his heart stopped and CPR attempts failed, but he died later that morning. He was 50 years old at the time of his death.

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Moonwalk is the symbol of Michael Jackson.. media type="youtube" key="kXhy7ZsiR50" height="315" width="420"

REFERENCES

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<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> ELMAS KARA <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> 2-A 101010025